| 词条 | GDF15 |
| 释义 |
It is a protein belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. Under normal conditions, GDF-15 is expressed in low concentrations in most organs and upregulated because of injury of organs such as such as liver, kidney, heart and lung.[2][2][3] The function of GDF-15 is not fully cleared but it seems to have a role in regulating inflammatory pathways and to be involved in regulating apoptosis, cell repair and cell growth, which are biological processes observed in cardiovascular and neoplastic disorders.[4][5][6] GDF-15 has shown to be a strong prognostic protein in patients with different diseases such as heart diseases and cancer.[7] References1. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Bootcov MR, Bauskin AR, Valenzuela SM, Moore AG, Bansal M, He XY, Zhang HP, Donnellan M, Mahler S, Pryor K, Walsh BJ, Nicholson RC, Fairlie WD, Por SB, Robbins JM, Breit SN | display-authors = 6 | title = MIC-1, a novel macrophage inhibitory cytokine, is a divergent member of the TGF-beta superfamily | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 94 | issue = 21 | pages = 11514–9 | date = October 1997 | pmid = 9326641 | pmc = 23523 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.94.21.11514 }} 2. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Hsiao EC, Koniaris LG, Zimmers-Koniaris T, Sebald SM, Huynh TV, Lee SJ | title = Characterization of growth-differentiation factor 15, a transforming growth factor beta superfamily member induced following liver injury | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 20 | issue = 10 | pages = 3742–51 | date = May 2000 | pmid = 10779363 | pmc = 85678 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.20.10.3742-3751.2000 }} 3. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Ago T, Sadoshima J | title = GDF15, a cardioprotective TGF-beta superfamily protein | journal = Circulation Research | volume = 98 | issue = 3 | pages = 294–7 | date = February 2006 | pmid = 16484622 | doi = 10.1161/01.RES.0000207919.83894.9d }} 4. ^1 {{cite journal | vauthors = Zimmers TA, Jin X, Hsiao EC, McGrath SA, Esquela AF, Koniaris LG | title = Growth differentiation factor-15/macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 induction after kidney and lung injury | journal = Shock | volume = 23 | issue = 6 | pages = 543–8 | date = June 2005 | pmid = 15897808 }} 5. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Wollert KC, Kempf T, Lagerqvist B, Lindahl B, Olofsson S, Allhoff T, Peter T, Siegbahn A, Venge P, Drexler H, Wallentin L | display-authors = 6 | title = Growth differentiation factor 15 for risk stratification and selection of an invasive treatment strategy in non ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome | journal = Circulation | volume = 116 | issue = 14 | pages = 1540–8 | date = October 2007 | pmid = 17848615 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.697714 }} 6. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Kempf T, Eden M, Strelau J, Naguib M, Willenbockel C, Tongers J, Heineke J, Kotlarz D, Xu J, Molkentin JD, Niessen HW, Drexler H, Wollert KC | title = The transforming growth factor-beta superfamily member growth-differentiation factor-15 protects the heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury | journal = Circulation Research | volume = 98 | issue = 3 | pages = 351–60 | date = February 2006 | pmid = 16397141 | doi = 10.1161/01.RES.0000202805.73038.48 }} 7. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Wallentin L, Zethelius B, Berglund L, Eggers KM, Lind L, Lindahl B, Wollert KC, Siegbahn A | title = GDF-15 for prognostication of cardiovascular and cancer morbidity and mortality in men | journal = PLOS One | volume = 8 | issue = 12 | pages = e78797 | date = 2013 | pmid = 24312445 | pmc = 3846468 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0078797 }} External links
2 : Developmental genes and proteins|TGFβ domain |
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