| 词条 | Gender crime |
| 释义 |
A gender crime is a hate crime committed against a specific gender. Specific gender crimes may include some instances of rape, genital mutilation, forced prostitution, and forced pregnancy. Often gender crimes are committed during armed conflict or during times of political upheaval or instability. According to one news story on CNN, people usually commit hate crimes as a form of thrill seeking, retaliation, defensiveness or because they feel they need to complete a mission.[1] Some examples of these conflicts include the Yugoslavian Civil War[2] and the Rwandan genocide.[3] Gender crime is not universally recognized as a category of hate crime but is increasingly being included in the United States as a category in state and federal hate crime laws. Internationally most gender crimes committed during times of war are recognized as war crimes as set forth by the Fourth Geneva Convention. Revenge porn and other online behavior are seen as a hate crime.[4][5] Feminist criminologists have also pioneered the specific discipline of criminal victimization which could be considered one of many major factors contributing to gender crimes. For example, there is a greater likelihood of women in comparison to men who are victims of a familiar person, in most cases a man that they know, instead of a stranger. [6]See also
Further reading
References1. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/06/02/us/who-commits-hate-crimes/index.html|title=The four reasons people commit hate crimes|last=CNN|first=Story by Daniel Burke, CNN Religion Editor. Graphics and data analysis by Sergio Hernandez,|work=CNN|access-date=2018-02-19}} 2. ^{{cite book|author1=GÜLEN ÖZEL|title=SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN CIVIL WARS: AN ANALYSIS OF YUGOSLAVIAN CIVIL WAR|date=April 2006|url=http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607244/index.pdf}} 3. ^{{cite news|author1=Joseph Schaeffer|title=TANZANIA: Prosecution of Rwanda Gender Crimes at the ICTR|url=http://jurist.org/dateline/2010/08/tanzania-prosecution-of-gender-crimes-in-rwanda.php|accessdate=15 October 2014|work=Jurist|date=6 August 2010}} 4. ^{{cite news|author1=Collyer Bristow|title=Hate crimes and drag queens in cyber space|url=http://www.thelawyer.com/briefings/hate-crimes-and-drag-queens-in-cyber-space/3026961.article|accessdate=15 October 2014|work=The Lawyer|date=10 October 2014}} 5. ^{{cite news|author1=Soraya Chemaly|title=A Million Peeping Toms: When Hacking Is Also a Hate Crime|url=http://time.com/3506848/jennifer-lawrence-nude-photo-hack-gender-based-hate/|accessdate=15 October 2014|work=Time|date=October 14, 2014}} 6. ^Gover, Angela R., et al. Routledge International Handbook of Crime and Gender Studies. Routledge, 2013. External links
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