| 词条 | Georges Nagelmackers |
| 释义 |
Georges Lambert Casimir Nagelmackers (born 24 June 1845 in Liège, Belgium; deceased 10 August 1905 in Villepreux, France) was the founder of the Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits, the company known for the Orient Express trains. BiographyBorn into a family of bankers with interests in railways and close links to the court of King Leopold II of Belgium, Georges Nagelmackers trained as a civil engineer.[1] As a young man he fell in love with an older cousin. When his feelings were not reciprocated, his family encouraged him to travel to the United States of America to help him recover and also further his professional studies. He spent a total of 10 months travelling throughout America during which time he was exposed to train travel on Pullman carriages. He became convinced that there was a market for Pullman type carriages in Europe. After a proposal to George Pullman to collaborate on developing the European market was rebuffed Nagelmackers returned to Europe.[2] Other versions of his biography maintain that Georges Nagelmackers knew about sleeping cars as they were already in operation in Belgium before he traveled to the United States, and that he never actually met George Pullman.[3] In 1870 he published a proposal to develop sleeper carriages for the European market called "Project d'Installation de wagons-lits sur les chemins de fer du continent" (Project for the installation of sleeping cars on the railways of the Continent). [1][3] However the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War delayed the granting of a concession from the Belgian government and the establishment of his first sleeper carriage service. In 1873, Georges Nagelmackers founded the company Georges Nagelmackers & Company, which later became Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits (CIWL). He headquartered the company in Paris and created the Compagnie Internationale des Grands Hotels to develop and operate luxury hotels throughout its trains' routes. His strategy consisted of convincing train operators to attach his sleeping and restaurant cars to their trains to diversify the train travelers' choices. The first CIWL-only train became operational in 1882.[2] The Orient Express was launched 4 October 1883.[2] Later, he bought the Mudanya-Bursa line and sold it to the French in 1891. He also bought the Izmir-Kasaba Railway in 1893 that he also sold to the French the following year.[4] References1. ^1 Tanel. Page 94. 2. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=The Escape Industry: How Iconic and Innovative Brands Built the Travel Business|author=Mark Tungate|publisher=Kogan Page Publishers|date=2017|isbn=9780749473518|url=https://books.google.com.mx/books?id=ACA3DwAAQBAJ}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.irps-wl.org.uk/wagon-lits/history/90-george-nagelmackers|title=George Nagelmackers|website=Irps-wl.org.uk|accessdate=30 September 2017}} 4. ^{{cite book|title=Foreign Investment in the Ottoman Empire: International Trade and Relations 1854-1914|publisher=I.B.Tauris|date=2011|author=V. Necla Geyikdagi|isbn=9781848854611|url=https://books.google.com.mx/books?id=fGRMOzJZ4aEC}} Further reading
10 : Belgian businesspeople|1845 births|1905 deaths|Walloon people|People from Liège|Equestrians at the 1900 Summer Olympics|Olympic equestrians of Belgium|Belgian male equestrians|Olympic gold medalists for Belgium|Medalists at the 1900 Summer Olympics |
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