| 词条 | Georg-Hans Reinhardt |
| 释义 |
|name=Georg-Hans Reinhardt |birth_date={{birth date|1887|3|1|df=y}} |death_date={{death date and age|1963|11|22|1887|3|1|df=y}} |birth_place=Bautzen, Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire |death_place=Tegernsee, Bavaria, West Germany |image=Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1988-120-10, Sudetenland, Guderian und Reinhardt.jpg |caption=Reinhardt (right) with Heinz Guderian, 1938 | trial = High Command Trial | known_for = War crimes of the Wehrmacht | conviction_penalty = 15 years (released in 1952) | criminal_charge = Crimes against humanity War crimes | conviction_status = | module = {{Infobox military person |embed=yes| |nickname= |allegiance={{flag|Nazi Germany}} |branch=Army |serviceyears= |rank= Generaloberst |commands=4th Panzer Division XLI Panzer Corps 3rd Panzer Army Army Group Centre |unit= |battles=World War II
|awards=Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords |laterwork= }} }} Georg-Hans Reinhardt (1 March 1887 – 23 November 1963) was a German general and war criminal during World War II. He commanded the 3rd Panzer Army from 1941 to 1944, and Army Group Centre in 1944 and 1945, reaching the rank of colonel general (Generaloberst). Following the war, Reinhardt was tried in the High Command Trial, as part of the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity and sentenced to 15 years. He was released in 1952. World War IIBorn in 1887, Reinhardt fought during World War I. He commanded the 4th Panzer Division during the Invasion of Poland in September 1939.{{sfn|Hebert|2010|p=2014}} In the 1940 Battle of France, Reinhardt commanded the XXXXI Panzer Corps.{{sfn|Hebert|2010|p=2014}} Operation BarbarossaIn 1941, Reinhardt and XLI Panzer Corps were deployed on the Eastern Front for Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union in June. His force led the advance of Army Group North to the outskirts of Leningrad in October. As all German corps on the Eastern Front, Reinhardt's corps implemented the criminal Commissar Order.{{sfn|Stahel|2015|p=28}} According to reports from subordinate units, the order was carried out on a widespread basis.{{sfn|Hebert|2010|p=259}} On October 5 Reinhardt was given command of the 3rd Panzer Army in Army Group Centre and took part in Operation Typhoon, the advance towards Moscow. After the German defeat in the Battle of Moscow, his army was driven back by Soviet counter-attack during the winter of 1941−42.{{cn|date=February 2019}} Troops under Reinhardt's command implemented the OKH policy of "liquidating" mentally infirm; in December 1941 they murdered ten mental patients in the Russian city of Kalinin, on the pretext that they posed a security threat.{{sfn|Hebert|2010|p=95}} Security warfare{{Further|Bandenbekämpfung}}From early 1942 until June 1944, the 3rd Panzer Army operated around Vitebsk and Smolensk. In the course of rear-security operations in the area, troops under Reinhardt command destroyed entire communities. A report of February 1943 stated:{{sfn|Hebert|2010|p=89}} In order to keep bands from resettling in this territory, the population of villages and farms in this area were killed without exception to the last baby. All homes were burned down. The army engaged in deportations of civilians to concentration camps. Between September and December 1943, nearly 4,000 civilians were deported from Vitebsk and surrounding areas, because they were suspected of helping "bands" (quotation marks in the original). The action was conducted in cooperation with units of the SD; civilians, including women and children, were deported to Auschwitz concentration camp, where they died from starvation and maltreatment or were later gassed.{{sfn|Hebert|2010|p=89}} In June 1944, during Operation Bagration, the Third Panzer and the rest of Army Group Centre were shattered by the Red Army and driven back into Poland and East Prussia. On 16 August 1944, Reinhardt was given command of Army Group Centre.{{sfn|Ziemke|2002|p=343}} In December, renewed Soviet attacks drove Army Group Centre out of Poland into northern Prussia. Reinhardt was retired from active duty in January 1945.{{sfn|Ziemke|2002|p=432}} Trial and convictionIn June 1945, Reinhardt was arrested by the United States Army. In 1948, he was tried in the High Command Trial, as part of the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials. Reinhardt was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, including murder and mis-treatment of Soviet prisoners of war, and of murder, deportation, and hostage-taking of civilians in occupied countries. He was sentenced to 15 years imprisonment, and served time in the Landsberg Prison. His sentence was reviewed in January 1951, with no changes. Reinhardt was released in 1952 on compassionate grounds.{{sfn|Herbert|2010|p=218}} From 1954. Reinhardt served as president of the Gesellschaft für Wehrkunde (Society for Military Science), present-day {{illm|Gesellschaft für Sicherheitspolitik|de|Gesellschaft für Sicherheitspolitik}} (Society for Security Policy). He was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1962. Awards
ReferencesCitations1. ^1 Thomas 1998, p. 193. 2. ^1 2 Scherzer 2007, p. 620. Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last=Hebert |first=Valerie |authorlink= |year=2010 |title=The Last War Crimes Tribunal at Nuremberg |url= |location=Lawrence, Kansas |publisher=University Press of Kansas |isbn=978-0-7006-1698-5 |ref=harv }}
|last=Scherzer |first=Veit |year=2007 |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives |language=German |location=Jena, Germany |publisher=Scherzers Militaer-Verlag |isbn=978-3-938845-17-2 }}
|last=Stahel |first=David |authorlink=David Stahel |year=2015 |title=The Battle for Moscow |language= |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-08760-6 |ref=harv }}
|last=Thomas |first=Franz |year=1998 |title=Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z |trans-title=The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z |language=German |location=Osnabrück, Germany |publisher=Biblio-Verlag |isbn=978-3-7648-2300-9 }}
|last=Ziemke |first=Earl F. |title=Stalingrad to Berlin: The German Defeat in the East |date=1968 |publisher=Center of Military History, US Army |location=Washington D.C. |isbn=0-16-001962-1 }}{{Refend}} External links
| website= | url = http://werle.rewi.hu-berlin.de/High%20Command%20Case.pdf | title = High Command Trial, Judgment of 27 October 1948 | author = US Military Tribunal Nuremberg | date = 1948 | access-date = 30 May 2016 | ref = harv{{s-start}}{{s-mil}}{{succession box| before=none| after=Generalleutnant Ludwig Ritter von Radlmeier| title= Commander of 4th Panzer Division| years=1 September 1939 – 5 February 1940 }}{{succession box| before=none| after=Generalleutnant Otto-Ernst Ottenbacher| title= Commander of XXXXVI Armeekorps (mot)| years=5 February 1940 – 4 October 1941 }}{{succession box| before=none| after=Generaloberst Erhard Raus| title= Commander of Third Panzer Army | years=5 October 1941 – 15 August 1944 }}{{succession box| before=Generalfeldmarschall Walter Model| after=Generalfeldmarschall Ferdinand Schörner| title= Commander of Army Group Centre| years=16 August 1944 – 17 January 1945 }}{{s-end}}{{Generaloberst of the Third Reich}}{{High Command Trial defendants}}{{Authority control}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Biography | portal2=Military of Germany | portal3=World War I | portal4=World War II | commons=y }}{{DEFAULTSORT:Reinhardt, Georg-Hans}} 10 : 1887 births|1963 deaths|Knights of the House Order of Hohenzollern|Colonel generals of the German Army (Wehrmacht)|Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords|German people convicted of crimes against humanity|Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany|People convicted by the United States Nuremberg Military Tribunals|Nazi war criminals released early from prison|Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class |
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