| 词条 | Gerald Balfour, 2nd Earl of Balfour |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable | name = The Earl of Balfour | honorific-suffix = PC | image = GeraldBalfour.jpg | imagesize = 200px | caption = Gerald Balfour in an 1899 portrait by George Frederic Watts. | order1 = President of the Board of Trade | term_start1 = 12 November 1900 | term_end1 = 14 March 1905 | monarch1 = Victoria Edward VII | primeminister1 = The Marquess of Salisbury Arthur Balfour | predecessor1 = Charles Ritchie | successor1 = The Marquess of Salisbury | order2 = President of the Local Government Board | term_start2 = 14 March 1905 | term_end2 = 4 December 1905 | monarch2 = Edward VII | primeminister2 = Arthur Balfour | predecessor2 = Walter Long | successor2 = John Burns | order3 = Chief Secretary for Ireland | term_start3 = 21 June 1895 | term_end3 = 9 November 1900 | monarch3 = Victoria | primeminister3 = The Marquess of Salisbury | predecessor3 = John Morley | successor3 = George Wyndham | office13 = Member of Parliament for Leeds Central | term_start13 = 18 December 1885 | term_end13 = 8 February 1906 | predecessor13 = Constituency created | successor13 = Robert Armitage | office14 = Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal | term_start14 = 19 March 1930 | term_end14 = 14 January 1945 Hereditary peerage | predecessor14 = The 1st Earl of Balfour | successor14 = The 3rd Earl of Balfour | birth_date = {{birth date|1853|4|9|df=y}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{death date and age|1945|1|14|1853|4|9|df=y}} | death_place = | nationality = British | party = Conservative | alma_mater = Trinity College, Cambridge | spouse = Lady Betty Bulwer-Lytton (1867–1942) }} Gerald William Balfour, 2nd Earl of Balfour, PC (9 April 1853 – 14 January 1945), known as Gerald Balfour or The Rt Hon. G. W. Balfour until 1930, was a senior British Conservative politician who became a peer on the death of his brother, former prime minister Arthur Balfour, in 1930. Background and educationBalfour was the fourth son of James Maitland Balfour, of Whittingehame, Haddingtonshire, and Lady Blanche Cecil, daughter of James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury. Two Prime Ministers were immediate relations: Arthur Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour, his elder brother, and Lord Salisbury, his uncle. He was educated at Eton and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he gained 1st Class Honours in the Classical Tripos.[1] Political careerBalfour sat as Conservative Member of Parliament for Leeds Central from 1885 to 1906. During this time he was a member of Commission on Labour, and private secretary to his brother, Arthur Balfour, when he was president of the Local Government Board from 1885 to 1886. He served as Chief Secretary for Ireland from 1895 to 1900, as president of the Board of Trade from 1900 to 1905 and as president of the Local Government Board in 1905. He was admitted to the Privy Council of Ireland in 1895, and to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1905. On retiring from the House of Commons, he was chairman of the Commission on Lighthouse Administration in 1908, and chairman of the Cambridge Committee of the Commission on Oxford and Cambridge Universities. He succeeded his brother Arthur as second Earl of Balfour in 1930, according to a special remainder in the letters patent and took a seat in the House of Lords. Personal life and academic honoursDuring his first spell at the Houses of Parliament, Balfour received an honorary LLD from Cambridge University, and was a fellow of Trinity. From 1901 Balfour lived at Fisher's Hill House, a large home which he had built by Lutyens in Hook Heath, Woking, Surrey, also living in the rural hamlet by 1911 were Alfred Lyttelton (Lib. U.), Secretary of State for the Colonies (1903–1905) who married into his wider family and the Duke of Sutherland.[2] Balfour was interested in parapsychology.[3] He was President of the Society for Psychical Research (1906–1907).[4] Marriage and childrenLord Balfour married Lady Elizabeth Edith "Betty" Bulwer-Lytton, daughter of the 1st Earl of Lytton, former Viceroy of India, in 1887. They had six children:
The Countess of Balfour died in 1942, aged 74. Lord Balfour survived her by three years and died in January 1945, aged 91, by which time he was the last surviving member of any of long-serving Prime Minister Salisbury's cabinets. He was succeeded in the earldom by his only son Robert. References1. ^{{acad|id=BLFR871GW|name=Balfour, Gerald, William}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42992 |title=Parishes: Woking |author=H. E. Malden (editor) |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |date=1911 |work=A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 3 |accessdate=20 November 2013}} 3. ^Pleasants. Helene. (1964). Gerald Balfour. In Biographical Dictionary of Parapsychology with Directory and Glossary 1946-1996. New York: Garrett Publications. 4. ^Haynes, Renée. (1982). The Society for Psychical Research 1882-1982: A History. London: MacDonald & Co. p. 189. {{ISBN|978-0356078755}} Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Gerald Balfour, 2nd Earl of Balfour}}
18 : 1853 births|1945 deaths|Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge|Balfour family of Whittingehame|Chief Secretaries for Ireland|Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom|Members of the Privy Council of Ireland|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies|Parapsychologists|People educated at Eton College|UK MPs 1885–86|UK MPs 1886–92|UK MPs 1892–95|UK MPs 1895–1900|UK MPs 1900–06|Presidents of the Board of Trade |
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