| 词条 | German destroyer Z36 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Z36 was one of five Type 1936B destroyers built for the Kriegsmarine (German Navy) during World War II. Completed in early 1944, the ship spent the war in the Baltic Sea, escorting German ships, laying minefields, and bombarding Soviet forces. On 12 December, a navigational error caused her to enter a German minefield as she was preparing to lay another minefield in the Gulf of Finland off the Estonian coast. Z36 struck a single mine and sank with the loss of all hands. The wreck was surveyed in 1994. Design and descriptionThe Type 1936B design retained the hull design of the Type 1936A, but reverted to the lighter main armament of the Type 1936 to reduce topweight and improve seakeeping. The ships had an overall length of {{convert|127|m|ftin}} and was {{convert|121.9|m|ftin}} long at the waterline. The ship had a beam of {{convert|12|m|ftin}}, and a maximum draught of {{convert|4.32|m|ftin}}. They displaced {{convert|2519|LT|t}} at standard load and {{convert|3542|LT|t}} at deep load. The two Wagner geared steam turbine sets, each driving one propeller shaft, were designed to produce {{convert|70000|PS|kW shp|lk=on}} using steam provided by six Wagner water-tube boilers for a designed speed of {{convert|36|kn|lk=on}}. The ships carried a maximum of {{convert|835|t|LT|0}} of fuel oil which gave a range of {{convert|2600|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|19|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|p=204}} Their crew consisted of 11–15 officers and 305–20 sailors.{{sfn|Koop|Schmolke|p=27}} The Type 1936B ships carried five {{convert|12.7|cm|adj=on|0}} SK C/34 guns in single mounts with gun shields, two each superimposed, fore and aft of the superstructure. The fifth mount was positioned on top of the rear deckhouse. The guns were designated No. 1 to 5 from front to rear. Their anti-aircraft armament consisted of four {{convert|3.7|cm|adj=on}} SK C/30 guns in two twin mounts abreast the rear funnel and fifteen {{convert|2|cm|adj=on|1}} C/38 guns in three quadruple and three single mounts. The ship carried eight above-water {{convert|53.3|cm|in|adj=on|0}} torpedo tubes in two power-operated mounts. Two reloads were provided for each mount. They had four depth charge launchers and mine rails could be fitted on the rear deck that had a maximum capacity of 74–76 mines. 'GHG' (Gruppenhorchgerät) passive hydrophones were fitted to detect submarines and a S-Gerät sonar was also probably fitted. The ships were equipped with a FuMO 24/25 radar set above the bridge.{{sfn|Gröner|pp=203–04}}{{sfn|Whitley|pp=68, 71–73, 201}} Construction and careerZ36 was originally ordered as a Type 1938B destroyer from AG Weser (Deschimag) on 28 June 1939, but the contract was cancelled when the Type 1938B design was abandoned, and the ship was reordered as a Type 1936A (Mob) destroyer. That was changed to a Type 1936B on 17 February 1941. She was laid down as yard number W1006 on 15 September at Deschimag's Bremen shipyard, launched on 15 May 1943 and commissioned on 19 February 1944, under the command of Korvettenkapitän (Lieutenant Commander) Fredric von Hausen. After working up Z36 was assigned to the 6. Zerstörerflotille (6th Destroyer Flotilla) in mid-1944.{{sfn|Koop|Schmolke|pp=24–25, 116}}{{sfn|Whitley|p=180}} In preparation for Operation Tanne West, the occupation of the Åland Islands in case of Finnish surrender, the flotilla escorted the heavy cruiser Lützow to the island of Utö on 28 June, but the operation was canceled and the ships returned to port. On 30 July and 1 August Z36 and three other destroyers of the flotilla sailed into the Gulf of Riga to bombard Soviet positions inland. On 5 August, they escorted the heavy cruiser {{Ship|German cruiser|Prinz Eugen||2}} as she engaged targets on the island of Ösel, Estonia, and in Latvia on 19–20 August. Z36 and the destroyer {{Ship|German destroyer|Z28||2}} escorted the troopship MV Monte Rosa, laden with refugees, from Baltischport, Estonia, to Gotenhafen, Germany, on 16 September. That month, the flotilla also covered the convoys evacuating Finland and then Reval. From 10 to 15 October the flotilla escorted Lützow and Prinz Eugen as they resumed their shore bombardment missions and bombarded targets themselves, attacking Soviet positions at Memel and Libau. The following month, the flotilla and the heavy cruisers {{ship|German cruiser|Admiral Scheer||2}} and Prinz Eugen shelled Soviet positions during the evacuation of Sworbe, on Ösel, between 20 and 24 November.{{sfn|Koop|Schmolke|p=116}}{{sfn|Rohwer|pp=339, 351, 359, 363, 373–74}} In mid-December, the 6. Zerstörerflotille, which now consisted of Z36, her sister ships {{ship|German destroyer|Z35||2}} and {{ship|German destroyer|Z43||2}}, and the large torpedo boats {{ship|German torpedo boat|T23||2}} and {{ship|German torpedo boat|T28||2}}, was tasked to lay a new minefield between the Estonian coast and an existing minefield slightly further out to sea. T23 was to escort the other ships and the destroyers were laden with 68 mines each. The mission was postponed to the night of 11/12 December because of bad weather and the flotilla sailed on the morning of the 11th. The weather gradually worsened over the course of the day and the spray and rain made navigation difficult. Having sailed a bit too far north, Z35 and Z36 blundered into the Nashorn (Rhinoceros) minefield that was only {{convert|2.5|nmi}} north of the intended position of the new minefield. Around 02:00, Z36 struck a mine and sank very quickly with the loss of all hands.{{sfn|Koop|Schmolke|p=116}}{{sfn|Whitley|pp=180–87}} The wreck was surveyed by the Finnish Ministry of the Environment in 1994 at {{coord|59|38.1|N|24|20|E|display=title, inline}}.[1] Notes1. ^{{cite web|title=Z 36|last=Saari|first=Jukka|url=http://www.hylyt.net/item/z-36-3283/|publisher=Pohjalla Ry|accessdate=13 March 2018|language=fi}} Bibliography
Further reading
External links
7 : Type 1936B destroyers|Ships built in Bremen (state)|1943 ships|World War II shipwrecks in the Baltic Sea|Maritime incidents in December 1944|Ships sunk by mines|Shipwrecks in the Gulf of Finland |
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