| 词条 | Chris French |
| 释义 |
|name = Christopher French |image = Prof Chris Frech.jpg |image_size = 250 |alt = photo of Chris French in 2011 at a Skeptics in the Pub event held by the Merseyside Skeptics Society |caption = Chris French at a Merseyside Skeptics Society Skeptics in the Pub event in April 2011 |birth_name = Christopher Charles French |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|4|6|df=y}} |birth_place = |residence = Greenwich, London, England |nationality = British |ethnicity = |education = B.A., PhD, CPsychol, FBPsS, FRSA |alma_mater = Helsby County Grammar School for Boys 1967–1974 |occupation = Psychologist |years_active = |employer = {{ubl|Goldsmiths|Birkbeck College|University of London}} |organization = Anomalistic psychology Research Unit |known_for = The Skeptic (UK) magazine |notable_works = |movement = |spouse = |children = |parents = |relatives = |awards = Distinguished Supporter of Humanists UK |signature = |signature_alt = |signature_size = |website = Goldsmiths Home Page |footnotes = |module = {{Listen|embed=yes|filename = Chris French voice.oga |title = Chris French's voice |type = speech |description = recorded September 2015 }} }}Christopher Charles French is a British psychologist specialising in the psychology of paranormal beliefs and experiences, cognition and emotion. He is the head of the University of London's Anomalistic psychology research unit and appears regularly in the media as an expert on testing paranormal claims.[1] CareerFrench is currently Professor of Psychology at Goldsmiths College, University of London, and is head of their Anomalistic psychology Research Unit[2] which he founded in 2000. On the importance of Anomalistic psychology he said in an interview on The Skeptic Zone,{{quote|Opinion poll after opinion poll tell us that the majority of population, in one way or another, do express belief in the paranormal. Most people, in any survey, will endorse at least one paranormal claim. Now, either that means that paranormal forces really do exist, or it's telling us something really interesting about human psychology. So, either way, we should definitely take these types of claims seriously and try to understand what is going on.[3]}} The focus of his current research is the psychology of paranormal beliefs and anomalous experiences.[4] In addition to academic activities, such as conference presentations and invited talks in other departments, he frequently appears on radio and television presenting a sceptical view of paranormal claims.[4] He has been consulted as an expert on a wide range of such claims including psychic abilities,[5] recovered memory,[6] telepathy, faith healing,[7] past life regression,[8] ghosts,[9] UFO abductions,[10] out-of-body experiences,[11] astrology[12] and so on.[13][14] AcademiaFrench teaches a course entitled Psychology, Parapsychology and Pseudoscience as part of the BSc (Hons) Psychology programmes at both Goldsmiths College and Birkbeck College. He is a Chartered Psychologist and a Fellow of the British Psychological Society.[2] During his 2014 interview for the Skeptic Zone Podcast, Chris acknowledged that, as a skeptic, he believed in paranormal activities until he became more aware of the psychology behind why people believe, a point made clear to him through a book written by Professor of Psychology James Alcock:{{quote|I kind of fell into this trap myself...I used to be a believer, a true believer until quite well into my adulthood. And it was reading one particular book by James Alcock, called 'Parapsychology: Science or Magic,' that made me realize there was another way of explaining all these unusual experiences, and one that actually made a lot of sense to me![15]}} He has authored or co-authored over 80 articles and chapters dealing with a wide variety of subjects in psychology, his work has been published in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology, the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, the British Journal of Psychology and the British Journal of Clinical Psychology.[16] In August 1996, he organised and chaired an integrated paper session on the topic of The Psychology of Paranormal and Pseudoscientific Beliefs at the XXVI International Congress of Psychology in Montreal.[17] He also contributed to a symposium on The Psychology of Anomalous Experience at the British Science Association annual British Science Festival at the University of Birmingham in September 1996.[18] In July 1997, he chaired a symposium on The Psychology of Paranormal Belief at the Fifth European Congress of Psychology in Dublin. He presented a paper at a conference on Paranormal and Superstitious Beliefs: A Skeptical Examination at Manchester Metropolitan University on Friday 13, November, 1998.[19] In February 1999, he contributed to a symposium of the Royal Statistical Society (which he co-organised). In July 1999, he co-organised and presented a paper at a half-day conference on Parapsychology: Current Status and Future Prospects at Goldsmiths College and gave a paper at the Sixth European Congress of Psychology in Rome.[19] In February 2001, he gave an invited presentation to the Institute for Cultural Research[16] at the Royal Society of Medicine and he has organised two symposia at major conferences (Glasgow, March 2001; London, July 2001). In 2004, French and colleagues conducted an experiment involving electromagnetic fields (EMF) and extremely low frequency sound waves (infrasound) phenomena that have been associated with allegedly haunted locations, the experiment did not establish a causal relationship between these phenomena and experiences of the subjects.[20] A study, led by French and published in 2008, explored the psychology of people who believed they had been abducted by aliens.[21] In January 2010, French was elected as a Fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry[4] Science communicationFrench is a former Editor-in-Chief of The Skeptic (UK) magazine.[22] He presided over a relaunch, in 2009, in which the magazine expanded to 40 pages and assembled an editorial advisory board, including many big names (e.g. Tim Minchin, Stephen Fry, Richard Wiseman, Simon Singh).[3] Since 2009, French has been a columnist for The Guardian newspaper exploring scepticism and anomalistic psychology.[23][24] He has appeared on various science programmes (e.g. Equinox, ScienceNow, All in the Mind) and documentaries (e.g. Heart of the Matter, Everyman) as well as numerous discussion programmes (e.g. Esther; The Time, The Place; Kilroy; This Morning). In 1997, he was one of three sceptics sitting on a panel for a 90-minute live debate on UFOs broadcast at peak viewing time by the Strange but True? team to mark the 50th anniversary of UFOs.[25] In 1998, he took part in an investigation of reincarnation claims amongst the Druze people of Lebanon, broadcast as part of the To the Ends of the Earth series. This involved spending around three weeks in Lebanon with a film crew.[26] He made regular appearances on ITV's programme Haunted Homes. He also makes appearances in the Channel 4 documentary series 'Tony Robinson and the Paranormal'.[26] In November 2013, French was featured as the keynote speaker for the 2013 Australian Skeptics National Convention in Canberra.[27] In 2017, French attended the 17th European Skeptics Congress (ESC) in Old Town Wrocław, Poland. This was organised by the Klub Sceptyków Polskich (Polish Skeptics Club) and Český klub skeptiků Sisyfos (Czech Skeptic's Club). Here he appeared on a panel to discuss exorcisms. The panel was chaired by Amardeo Sarma and included Mariusz Błochowiak, Konrad Szołajski and Jakub Kroulík.[28] WorksBook{{cite book |title= Anomalistic Psychology: Exploring Paranormal Belief and Experience |editor1-last= French |editor1-first= Christopher C. |editor2-last= Stone |editor2-first= Anna |year= 2014 |publisher= Palgrave MacMillan |location= London |editormask=1 |isbn= 9781403995711}}Co-edited book{{cite book |title= Why Statues Weep. The Best of The Skeptic |editor1-last= French |editor1-first= Christopher C. |editor2-last= Grossman |editor2-first= Wendy M. |year= 2010 |publisher= The Philosophy Press |location= London |editormask=1 |isbn= 9780953761128}}Selected book sections{{cite book |last= French |first= Christopher C. |year= 2004 |chapter= Parapsychology |editor1-first= Adam |editor1-last= Kuper |editor2-first= Jessica |editor2-last= Kuper |title= The Social Science Encyclopedia |location= London |publisher= Routledge |pages= 702–703 |isbn= 9780415320962 |authormask=1}}{{cite book |last= French |first= Christopher C. |year= 2004 |chapter= Skepticism |editor-first= Jane |editor-last= Henry |title= Parapsychology. Research on Exceptional Experiences |location= London |publisher= Routledge |pages= 80–89 |isbn= 9780415213608 |authormask=1}}{{cite book |last1= French |first1= Christopher C. |last2= Santomauro |first2= J.|year= 2007 |chapter= Something Wicked This Way Comes. Causes and Interpretations of Sleep Paralysis |editor-first= Sergio Della |editor-last= Sala |title= Tall Tales About the Mind and Brain. Separating Fact from Fiction |publisher= Oxford University Press |pages= 380–398 |isbn= 9780198568773 |authormask=1}}{{cite book |last1= French |first1= Christopher C. |last2= Wilson |first2= Krissy |year= 2007 |chapter= Cognitive Factors Underlying Paranormal Beliefs and Experiences |editor-first= Sergio Della |editor-last= Sala |title= Tall Tales About the Mind and Brain. Separating Fact from Fiction |publisher= Oxford University Press |pages= 3–22 |isbn= 9780198568773 |authormask=1}}{{cite book |title= Psychology for A2 Level for AQA (A) |edition= 4th |editor1-first= Mike |editor1-last= Cardwell |editor2-first= Liz |editor2-last= Clark |editor3-first= Claire |editor3-last= Meldrum |editor4-first= Alison |editor4-last= Wadeley |chapter= Anomalistic Psychology |last= French |first= Christopher C. |year= 2009 |publisher= HarperCollins |location= New York |pages= 472–505 |isbn= 9780007255030 |authormask=1 }}{{cite book |title= Debating Psychic Experience: Human Potential Or Human Illusion? |editor1-last= Krippner |editor1-first= Stanley |editor2-last= Friedman |editor2-first= Harris L. |year= 2010 |publisher= ABC-CLIO |last= French |first= Christopher C. |chapter= Reflections of a (Relatively) Moderate Skeptic |location= Santa Barbara, CA |authormask=1 |isbn= 9780313392610 |pages= 53–64}}{{cite book |title= Debating Psychic Experience: Human Potential Or Human Illusion? |editor1-last= Krippner |editor1-first= Stanley |editor2-last= Friedman |editor2-first= Harris L. |year= 2010 |publisher= ABC-CLIO |last= French |first= Christopher C. |chapter= Missing the point? |location= Santa Barbara, CA |authormask=1 |isbn= 9780313392610 |pages= 149–152}}Selected articles{{cite journal |journal= International Journal of Psychophysiology |title= A critical review of EEG coherence studies of hemisphere function |doi= 10.1016/0167-8760(84)90044-8 |date=March 1984 |volume= 1 |issue= 3 |last1= French |first1= Christopher C. |last2= Beaumont |first2= J. Graham |pages= 241–54 |authormask=1}}{{cite journal |journal= British Journal of Clinical Psychology |title= The reaction of psychiatric patients to computerized assessment |volume= 26 |issue= 4 |pages= 267–78 |date=November 1987 |doi= 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1987.tb01360.x |last1= French |first1= Christopher C. |last2= Beaumont |first2= J. Graham |authormask=1}}{{cite journal |journal= Personality and Individual Differences |title= Effects of encoding and anxiety on implicit and explicit memory performance |year= 1991 |volume= 12 |issue= 2 |pages=131–9 |doi= 10.1016/0191-8869(91)90096-T |last1= Richards |first1= Anne |last2= French |first2= Christopher C. |author2mask=1}}{{cite journal |title= An anxiety-related bias in semantic activation when processing threat/neutral homographs |journal= The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Section A: Human Experimental Psychology |year= 1992 |doi= 10.1080/02724989208250625 |volume= 45 |issue= 3 |pages= 503–25 |last1= Richards |first1= Anne |last2= French |first2= Christopher C. |author2mask=1}}{{cite journal |title= Effects of mood manipulation and anxiety on performance of an emotional Stroop task |journal= British Journal of Psychology |date=November 1992 |volume= 83 |issue= 4 |pages= 479–91 |doi= 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02454.x |last1= Richards |first= Anne |last2= French |first2= Christopher C. |last3= Johnson |first3= Wendy |last4= Naparstek |first4= Jennifer |last5= Williams |first5= Jane |author2mask=1}}{{cite journal |journal= British Journal of Clinical Psychology |title= Hypomania, anxiety and the emotional Stroop |volume= 35 |issue= 4 |date=November 1996 |pages= 617–26 |last1= French |first1= Christopher C. |last2= Richards |first2= Anne |last3= Scholfield |first3= Emma J. C. |doi= 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01217.x}}{{cite journal |title= Cognitive processing and trait anxiety in typically developing children: Evidence for an interpretation bias |last1=Hadwin |first1= Julie |last2= Frost |first2= Susie |last3= French |first3= Christopher C. |last4= Richards |first4= Anne |journal= Journal of Abnormal Psychology |volume= 106 |issue=3 |date=August 1997 |pages= 486–90 |doi= 10.1037/0021-843X.106.3.486 |author3mask=1}}{{cite journal |journal= European Journal of Personality |title= Test anxiety, evaluative stress, and susceptibility to distraction from threat |volume= 15 |issue= 2 |pages= 123–41 |doi= 10.1002/per.400 |last1= Keogh |first1= Edmund |last2= French |first2= Christopher C. |author2mask=1 |date=March–April 2001}}{{cite journal |title= Anxiety-related bias in the classification of emotionally ambiguous facial expressions |last1=Richards |first1= Anne |last2= French |first2= Christopher C. |last3= Calder|first3= Andrew J. |last4= Webb |first4= Ben |last5= Fox |first5= Rachel |last6= Young |first6= Andrew W. |journal= Emotion |volume= 2 |issue= 3 |date=September 2002 |pages= 273–87 |doi= 10.1037/1528-3542.2.3.273 |author2mask=1 |displayauthors=4}}{{cite journal |journal= Anxiety, Stress, & Coping |title= Test anxiety, susceptibility to distraction and examination performance |volume= 17 |issue= 3 |pages= 241–52 |doi= 10.1080/10615300410001703472 |last1= Keogh |first1= Edmund |last2= Bond |first2= Frank W. |last3= French |first3= Christopher C. |last4= Richards |first4= Anne |last5= Davis |first5= Robert E. |author3mask=1 |displayauthors=4 |year= 2004}}References1. ^{{cite news |title= What it's like to work at... ...Goldsmiths College, University of London |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/jan/18/news.goldsmiths |date= 18 January 2005 |last= Wignall |first= Alice |newspaper= The Guardian |location= |accessdate= 24 July 2013}} 2. ^1 {{cite web |title= Professor Chris French |url= http://www.gold.ac.uk/psychology/staff/french/ |publisher= Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths College, University of London |work= Goldsmiths College, University of London website |accessdate= 24 July 2013}} 3. ^1 {{cite podcast|url=http://traffic.libsyn.com/skepticzone/the_skeptic_zone_68_100205.mp3 |title=The Skeptic Zone #68 |publisher= |host=Kylie Sturgess |date=5 February 2010 |time= |accessdate=27 December 2014 }} 4. ^1 2 {{cite journal|title= Sixteen notable figures in science and skepticism elected CSI Fellows|url=http://www.csicop.org/news/show/sixteen_notable_figures_in_science_and_skepticism_elected_csi_fellows/ |date= 12 January 2010 |journal=Skeptical Inquirer |accessdate=24 July 2013}} 5. ^{{cite news |title= Spiritualists' powers turn scientists into believers |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/4760827/Spiritualists-powers-turn-scientists-into-believers.html |last= Matthews |first= Robert |date= 8 March 2001 |accessdate= 25 July 2013 |newspaper= The Daily Telegraph}} {{cite news |title= Sally Morgan rejects Halloween challenge to prove her psychic powers |url= https://www.theguardian.com/science/2011/oct/31/sally-morgan-rejects-halloween-challenge |last= Sample |first= Ian |date= 31 October 2011 |newspaper= The Guardian |accessdate= 24 July 2013 |location= }} {{cite news |title= Two professional mediums fail test to demonstrate their psychic powers under laboratory conditions |url= http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2226129/Two-professional-mediums-fail-test-demonstrate-psychic-powers-laboratory-conditions.html |newspaper= Daily Mail |last= Gayle |first= Damien |date= 1 November 2012 |accessdate= 25 July 2013}} 6. ^{{cite news |title= The mystery of Carol Myers |url= https://www.theguardian.com/society/2011/dec/11/carole-myers-satanic-child-abuse |last= Storr |first= Will |date= 10 December 2011 |newspaper= The Observer |location= |accessdate= 24 July 2013}} 7. ^{{cite episode |title= Chris French |series= 4thought.tv |station= Channel 4 |date= 24 January 2012 |publisher= Channel Four Television Corporation |url= http://www.channel4.com/programmes/4thoughttv/4od#3432981 |accessdate= 24 July 2013 |number= 184 series 2}} 8. ^{{cite news |title= Has Marilyn Monroe been reincarnated as a shop assistant called Chris? Meet the Britons who are convinced they've had bizarre past lives... |url= http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1334549/Past-lives-Marilyn-Monroe-reincarnated-Chris-shop-assistant.html |last= Lawrence |first= Julia |newspaper= Daily Mail |date= 3 December 2010 |accessdate= 25 July 2013}} 9. ^{{cite news |title= Do the dead contact us through tape recorders? |url= https://www.theguardian.com/science/2005/jan/13/thisweekssciencequestions |last= Sample |first= Ian |newspaper= The Guardian |location= |date= 13 January 2005 |accessdate= 24 July 2013}} {{cite news |title= Ghosts in the machine |url= http://www.scotsman.com/what-s-on/ghosts-in-the-machine-1-670168 |newspaper= The Scotsman |author= |date= 4 January 2005 |accessdate= 25 July 2013 |location= Edinburgh}} 10. ^{{cite news |title= Alien abduction is all in the mind says expert |url= http://www.scotsman.com/news/uk/alien-abduction-is-all-in-the-mind-says-expert-1-963988 |author= |newspaper= The Scotsman |location= Edinburgh |date= 26 October 2005 |accessdate= 25 July 2013}} 11. ^{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2001/nov/18/life1.lifemagazine7 |newspaper= The Observer |title= In the dead of the night |date= 17 November 2001 |last= Rowlands |first= Barbara |accessdate= 24 July 2013 | location= }} 12. ^{{cite book|last=Stewart|first=Joseph V.|title=Astrology: What's Really in the Stars|year=1996|publisher=Prometheus Books|location=Amherst, NY|isbn=9781573920773|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=g-NpIE5GmEYC&pg=PA129 129]}} 13. ^{{cite podcast |title= What would an alien look like? |url= https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/audio/2009/aug/17/science-weekly-podcast-aliens |last= Jha |first= Alok |series= Science Weekly |date= 16 August 2009 |publisher= The Guardian |accessdate= 24 July 2013}} 14. ^{{cite web |title= Haunted houses, telepathy and UFOs: Investigating the extraordinary |url= http://www.merseysideskeptics.org.uk/2011/04/skeptics-in-the-pub-chris-french/ |series= Liverpool Skeptics in the Pub |publisher= Merseyside Skeptics Society |date= 21 April 2011 |accessdate= 25 July 2013 |last= French |first= Chris}} 15. ^{{cite web|last=Saunders|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Saunders (skeptic)|title=The Skeptic Zone episode #292 25.May.2014 | url=http://skepticzone.libsyn.com/webpage/2014/05 | website=The Skeptic Zone |accessdate=2014-06-06}} 16. ^1 {{citation |title= Paranormal Perception: A Critical Evaluation |url= http://www.i-c-r.org.uk/publications/monographarchive/Monograph42.pdf |last= French |first= Christopher C. |year= 2011 |volume= Monograph 42 |publisher= Institute for Cultural Research |location= London |isbn= 9780904674347}} 17. ^{{cite journal |title= Psychology of paranormal and pseudoscientific beliefs |last= French |first= C.C. (convenor) |journal= International Journal of Psychology |volume= 31 |issue= 3–4 |pages= 219–322 |year= 1996 |doi= 10.1080/00207594.1996.19960819}} 18. ^{{cite web |title= Parapsychology and the paranormal |url= http://www.eclipse.co.uk/thoughts/paranormal.htm |last= French |first= Christopher C. |date= 10 September 1996 |work= Atheism Central for Secondary Schools |format= Paper presented at the British Association Annual Festival of Science |accessdate= 24 July 2013 |publisher= Alan Urdaibay |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130201184405/http://www.eclipse.co.uk/thoughts/paranormal.htm |archivedate= 1 February 2013 |df= dmy-all }} 19. ^1 {{cite web |title= Anomalistic Psychology Research Unit: Conferences and other Presentations |url= http://www.gold.ac.uk/apru/pubs/conferences/ |work= Goldsmiths College, University of London website |accessdate= 24 July 2013 |publisher= }} 20. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=ghost-lusters-if-you-want|magazine=Scientific American|title=Ghost lusters: If you want to see a specter badly enough, will you?|date=27 October 2008|last=Marcus|first=Adam|accessdate=24 July 2013}} 21. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2008/oct/14/research-highereducation|newspaper= The Guardian |title= Weird ... or what? |date= 13 October 2008 |last= Waterhouse |first= Rosie |accessdate= 24 July 2013 | location= }} 22. ^{{cite web |title= Anomalistic Psychology Research Unit |url= http://www.gold.ac.uk/apru/ |work= Goldsmiths College, University of London website |publisher= |accessdate= 24 July 2013}} 23. ^{{cite podcast |last= Jha |first= Alok |title= Sceptical thinking makes a comeback |url= https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/audio/2009/mar/30/sceptic-rational-cynical-harold-varmus-biochar |series= Science Weekly |publisher= The Guardian |date= 29 March 2009 |accessdate= 24 July 2013}} 24. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/profile/chris-french | newspaper=The Guardian | location= | date=6 March 2009 | accessdate=24 July 2013 | title= Profile: Chris French}} 25. ^{{cite web |title= Strange But True – Season 3, Episode 11: Strange But True? Live |url= http://www.tv.com/shows/strange-but-true/strange-but-true-live-349784/ |work= TV.com |publisher= CBS Interactive |accessdate= 24 July 2013}} 26. ^1 {{IMDb name|1634320}} 27. ^{{cite web |title= Australian Skeptics National Convention 2013 Speakers |url= http://nationalskepticsconvention.org/speakers/ |accessdate= 18 January 2014 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140201105358/http://nationalskepticsconvention.org/speakers/ |archivedate= 1 February 2014 |df= dmy-all }} 28. ^{{cite web|last1=Gerbic|first1=Susan|authorlink=Susan Gerbic|title=Skeptical Adventures in Europe, Part2|url=https://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/show/skeptical_adventures_in_europe_part_2|website=www.csicop.org|publisher=Committee for skeptical inquiry|accessdate=29 April 2018}} External links{{commons category}}
12 : 1956 births|Living people|Academics of Birkbeck, University of London|Academics of Goldsmiths, University of London|Anomalistic psychology|Critics of parapsychology|English psychologists|English sceptics|Place of birth missing (living people)|Fellows of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry|People from the Royal Borough of Greenwich|People associated with The Institute for Cultural Research |
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