| 词条 | German submarine U-1021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
German submarine U-1021 was a Type VIIC/41 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. laid down on 6 May 1943 at the Blohm & Voss yard in Hamburg, the submarine was launched on 13 April 1944, and commissioned on 25 May 1944, under the command of Oberleutnant zur See William Holpert. DesignGerman Type VIIC/41 submarines were preceded by the heavier Type VIIC submarines. U-1021 had a displacement of {{convert|759|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|860|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-1021 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one {{convert|3.7|cm|in|abbr=on}} Flak M42 and two {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} SensorsPassive sonarU-1021 was one of only ten Type VIIC's to be fitted with a Balkongerät (literally 'Balcony apparatus or equipment'). The Balkongerät was used on U-boats ({{GS|U-682||2}}, {{GS|U-788||2}}, {{GS|U-799||2}}, {{GS|U-997||2}}, {{GS|U-1105||2}}, {{GS|U-1172||2}}, {{GS|U-1306||2}}, {{GS|U-1307||2}} and {{GS|U-1308||2}}).[3] The Balkongerät was standard on the Type XXI and the Type XXIII. Nonetheless, it was also fitted to several Type IXs and one Type X. The Balkongerät was an improved version of Gruppenhorchgerät (GHG) (group listening device). The GHG had 24 hydrophones, the Balkongerät had 48 hydrophones and improved electronics, which enabled more accurate readings to be taken.[4]Service historyU-1021 served with 31st U-boat Flotilla, a training unit, and later with 11th U-boat Flotilla from 1 December 1944 until its disappearance in March 1945. Patrol and lossU-1021 sailed from Bergen on 20 February 1945 and headed for the waters around Land's End.[5]U-1021 was presumed to have been sunk on 30 March 1945 in The Minch in the Hebrides, by depth charges from the British frigates {{HMS|Rupert|K561|2}} and {{HMS|Conn|K509|2}}.[6]DiscoveryHowever, the wreck of U-1021 was identified by nautical archaeologist Innes McCartney and historian Axel Niestle in December 2006, {{convert|7|nmi|km}} off Newquay, Cornwall, at position {{coord|50|33.3|N|5|11.6|W|dim:200000|display=inline,title}}, close to two other U-boats, {{GS|U-325||2}} and {{GS|U-400||2}}. Further research by Innes McCartney led to the conclusion that all three submarines were sunk in the Bristol Channel by a deep-trap minefield.[6] Minefield "HW A3", which was fatal to U-1021, was laid by {{HMS|Apollo|M01|6}} on 3 December 1944.[7] The attack of 30 March 1945 previously assumed to have sunk U-1021 is now believed to have sunk {{GS|U-965||2}}.[6] See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u1021.html |title=The Type VIIC/41 boat U-1021 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-06}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/u1021.html |title=War Patrols by German U-boat U-1021 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-06}} 3. ^Base on war-time photographs. 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.uboataces.com/hydrophones.shtml |title=Hydrophones |website=U-boats Aces - uboataces.com |accessdate=20 May 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_3030.html |title=Patrol of U-boat U-1021 from 20 Feb 1945 to 14 Mar 1945 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-06}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.cix.co.uk/~klockstone/uboat.htm |title=War Mystery Solved |publisher=www.cix.co.uk |accessdate=2010-01-06}} 7. ^{{Cite web |url=http://uboat.net/articles/index.html?article=69 |title=The loss of U 325, U 400 and U 1021: Re-assessment of German U-boat losses in World War II |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=31 May 2010}} Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 |work=Der U-Boot-Krieg |volume=IV |publisher=Mittler |location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |language=German |ref=harv }}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}{{Refend}} External links
|url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u1021.php |title=U 1021 |last=Hofmann |first=Markus |website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de |language=German |accessdate=30 January 2015 }}
|url=http://uboat.net/articles/index.html?article=69 |title=The loss of U-325, U-400 and U-1021 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-04 }}
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u1021.htm |title=The Type VII/C41 boat U-1021 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=6 December 2014 }}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{March 1945 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Submarine | portal3=World War II }}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U1021}} 11 : German Type VIIC/41 submarines|U-boats commissioned in 1944|World War II submarines of Germany|World War II shipwrecks in the Celtic Sea|U-boats sunk in 1945|U-boats sunk by mines|U-boats sunk by British warships|1944 ships|Ships built in Hamburg|Ships lost with all hands|Maritime incidents in March 1945 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。