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词条 German submarine U-196
释义

  1. Design

  2. Service history

     1st patrol  2nd patrol  3rd patrol 

  3. Summary of raiding history

  4. References

  5. Bibliography

  6. External links

{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=Ship caption=
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=Nazi GermanyNazi Germany|naval}}Ship name= U-196Ship ordered= 4 November 1940Ship builder= AG Weser, BremenShip yard number= 1042Ship laid down= 10 June 1941Ship launched= 24 April 1942Ship commissioned= 11 September 1942Ship homeport=Ship motto=Ship nickname=Ship status=Missing since 12 December 1944Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship class=Type IXD2 submarineShip displacement=
  • {{convert|1610|t|LT|abbr=on}} surfaced
  • {{convert|1799|t|LT|abbr=on}} submerged
Ship length=
  • {{convert|87.58|m|abbr=on}} o/a
  • {{convert|68.50|m|abbr=on}} pressure hull
Ship beam=
  • {{convert|7.50|m|abbr=on}} o/a
  • {{convert|4.40|m|abbr=on}} pressure hull
5.40|m|abbr=on}}10.20|m|abbr=on}}Ship power=
  • {{convert|9000|PS|kW bhp|-1|abbr=on}} (diesels)
  • {{convert|1000|PS|kW shp|-1|abbr=on}} (electric)
Ship propulsion=
  • 2 shafts
  • 2 × diesel engines
  • 2 × electric motors
Ship speed=
  • surfaced {{convert|20.8|kn}}
  • submerged {{convert|6.9|kn}}
Ship range=
  • surfaced {{convert|12,750|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|12|kn}}
  • submerged {{convert|57|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}}
230|m|abbr=on}}Ship complement= 55 – 64Ship armament=
  • 6 × torpedo tubes (four bow, two stern)
  • 24 × {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedoes
  • 2 × {{convert|10.5|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/32 deck gun (240 rounds)
  • 1 × {{convert|3.7|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/30 AA gun
  • 2 × {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft guns
Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox service record		is_ship= yeslabel= Service record[1][2]partof=
  • 4th U-boat Flotilla
  • 11 September 1942 – 31 March 1943
  • 12th U-boat Flotilla
  • 1 April 1943 – 30 September 1944
  • 33rd U-boat Flotilla
  • 1 October – 1 December 1944
codes=commanders=
  • K.Kapt. Eitel-Friedrich Kentrat
  • 11 September 1942 – 21 September 1944
  • Oblt.z.S. Werner Striegler
  • 1 October – 1 December 1944
operations=
  • Three
  • 1st patrol: 13 March – 23 October 1943
  • 2nd patrol: 16 March – 10 August 1944
  • 3rd patrol: 30 November – 12 December 1944
17,739}})
}}
German submarine U-196 was a Type IXD2 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 10 June 1941 at the AG Weser yard in Bremen, launched on 24 April 1942, and commissioned on 11 September 1942 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Eitel-Friedrich Kentrat. After training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla at Stettin, U-196 was transferred to the 12th flotilla for front-line service on 1 April 1943.[1]

Design

German Type IXD2 submarines were considerably larger than the original Type IXs. U-196 had a displacement of {{convert|1610|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|1799|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=74-75}} The U-boat had a total length of {{convert|87.58|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|68.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|7.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|10.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|5.35|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of {{convert|9000|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|1000|shp|PS kW|-1}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.85|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|200|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=74-75}}

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|20.8|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|6.9|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=74-75}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|121|nmi}} at {{convert|2|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|12750|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-196 was fitted with six {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 torpedoes, two {{convert|10.5|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/32 naval gun, 240 rounds, and a {{convert|3.7|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/30 with 2575 rounds as well as two {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. The boat had a complement of fifty-five.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=74-75}}

Service history

1st patrol

Under Kentrat's command she completed the longest patrol made by a submarine during World War II, leaving Kiel on 13 March 1943, and returning to Bordeaux on 23 October 1943, spending 225 days at sea.[1] During that time she sailed all the way around the coast of South Africa and sank two British merchant ships in the Indian Ocean.[3]

2nd patrol

U-196 sailed from Bordeaux on 16 March 1944 along with {{GS|U-181||2}} for service in the Far East.[4] En route she sank a British freighter in the Indian Ocean. U-196 arrived at Penang on 10 August 1944.[5]

3rd patrol

U-196 was transferred to the 33rd U-boat Flotilla on 1 October 1944.[1] On 30 November, U-196 left Batavia (Java, in Indonesia), now commanded by Oberleutnant zur See Werner Striegler.[2] After departure U-196 was reassigned to refuel a sister U-boat in the Indian Ocean, but the rendezvous never took place. Efforts to contact U-196 during early December 1944 failed to elicit a response.

When she failed to return to Jakarta and failed repeatedly to signal her position, she was listed as missing in the Sunda Straits south of Java, effective from 12 December 1944.[6]

Her wreck has never been found, the cause of U-196{{'}}s sinking remains unknown. It has been suggested that she struck an Allied mine laid by the British submarine {{HMS|Porpoise|N14|6}}. However, Porpoise did not lay the mines until 9 December 1944.

Oberleutnant zur See Dr. Ing. Heinz Haake of U-196 is buried in a graveyard at Bogor, Java with members of the World War I German East Asia Squadron at Arca Domas, on the slopes of Mount Pangrango, Java. His date of death is listed on a memorial as 30 November 1944, the day U-196 sailed on her last voyage.[7]

Summary of raiding history

Date Name Nationality Tonnage
(GRT)		 Fate
11 May 1943Nailsea Meadow[8]{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}4,962Sunk
3 August 1943City of Oran[9]{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}7,323Sunk
9 July 1944Shahzada[10]{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}5,454Sunk

References

1. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web |url= http://uboat.net/boats/u196.htm |title=The Type IXD2 boat U-196 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=8 March 2010}}
2. ^1 {{Cite web |url= http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/u196.html |title=War Patrols by German U-boat U-196 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=8 March 2010}}
3. ^{{Cite web |url= http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4103.html |title=Patrol of U-boat U-196 from 13 March 1943 to 23 October 1943 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=8 March 2010}}
4. ^{{cite book | last= James E. | first= Wise | authorlink= |author2=Otto Giese | title= Shooting the War: The Memoir and Photographs of a U-Boat Officer in World War II | publisher= Naval Institute Press | year= 2003 | location= | url= | doi= | id= | isbn= 1-59114-298-9| page= 179}}
5. ^{{Cite web |url= http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4105.html |title=Patrol of U-boat U-196 from 16 March 1944 to 10 August 1944 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=8 March 2010}}
6. ^{{cite book | last= Niestlé | first= Axel | authorlink= | title= German U-boat Losses During World War II: Details of Destruction | publisher= Naval Institute Press | year= 1998 | location= | url= | doi= | id= | isbn= 1-55750-641-8| page= 239}}
7. ^{{cite book | last= Bennett | first= Geoffrey | authorlink= | title= The Pepper Trader: True Tales of the German East Asia Squadron and the Man who Cast Them in Stone | publisher= Equinox Publishing | year= 2006 | location= | url= | doi= | id= | isbn= 979-3780-26-6| page= 10}}
8. ^{{Cite web |url= http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2918.html |title=Nailsea Meadow (Steam merchant) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=8 March 2010}}
9. ^{{Cite web |url= http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/3033.html |title=City of Oran (Steam merchant) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=8 March 2010}}
10. ^{{Cite web |url= http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/3288.html |title=Shahzada (Steam merchant) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=8 March 2010}}

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}
  • {{cite book | last1 = Busch | first1 = Rainer | last2 = Röll | first2 = Hans-Joachim | translator-last = Brooks | translator-first = Geoffrey | title = German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary | publisher = Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press | location = London, Annapolis, Md | year = 1999 | isbn = 1-55750-186-6 | ref = harv}}
  • {{cite book

|last1=Busch
|first1=Rainer
|last2=Röll
|first2=Hans-Joachim
|title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945
|trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945
|work=Der U-Boot-Krieg
|volume=IV
|publisher=Mittler
|location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn
|year=1999
|isbn=3-8132-0514-2
|language=German
|ref=harv
}}
  • {{cite book

|last1=Gröner
|first1=Erich
|author-link1=
|author-mask1=
|last2=Jung
|first2=Dieter
|display-authors=
|last-author-amp=
|last3=Maass
|first3=Martin
|translator-last1=Thomas
|translator-first1=Keith
|translator-last2=Magowan
|translator-first2=Rachel
|year=1991
|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|volume=2
|work=German Warships 1815–1945
|location=London
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press
|isbn=0-85177-593-4
|ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991
}}{{Refend}}

External links

  • {{Cite web

|url= http://uboat.net/boats/u196.htm
|title= The Type IXD boat U-196
|last=Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate= 7 December 2014
}}
  • {{cite web

|url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0196.html
|title=U 196
|last=Hofmann
|first=Markus
|website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de
|language=German
|accessdate=7 December 2014
}}
  • U-Historia
{{German Type IXD submarines}}{{German Type IX submarines}}{{December 1944 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar
| portal1=Military of Germany
| portal2=Submarine
| portal3=World War II
}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2011}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0196}}

9 : 1942 ships|World War II submarines of Germany|German Type IX submarines|U-boats commissioned in 1942|Missing U-boats of World War II|Indian Ocean U-Boats|Ships built in Bremen (state)|U-boats sunk by unknown causes|Maritime incidents in December 1944
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