| 词条 | German submarine U-2321 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
German submarine U-2321 was the first of the highly advanced Type XXIII U-boats built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine in 1944 and 1945. As the first of this class, U-2321 was one of a handful of such boats to undertake an operational patrol, in March 1945. She was successful in this operation, and sank a British freighter, one of just five ships sunk by the new fully submarine (as opposed to just submersible) boats. She was constructed as an experiment in Hamburg and her small size meant that she was completed in just four months, following which she conducted extensive trials in the Baltic Sea and off the Norwegian coast in an effort to gain an idea of the capabilities of the boat. In this duty, and through her entire life, U-2321 was commanded by Kptlt. Hans-Heinrich Barschkis. By the first few months of 1945, with the war drawing to a close, it was hoped new lessons could be learnt, and defeat potentially delayed by the insertion of some of these boats into the coastal waters of the United Kingdom. To this end, U-2321 and a few of her sisters were dispatched to the Eastern coast of Scotland. DesignLike all Type XXIII U-boats, U-2321 had a displacement of {{convert|234|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|258|t|LT}} while submerged. She had a total length of {{convert|34.68|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (o/a), a beam width of {{convert|3.02|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (o/a), and a draught depth of {{convert|3.66|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by one MWM six-cylinder RS134S diesel engine providing {{convert|575|-|630|PS|kW shp|lk=on|abbr=off}}, one AEG GU4463-8 double-acting electric motor electric motor providing {{convert|580|PS|kW shp|abbr=on}}, and one BBC silent running CCR188 electric motor providing {{convert|35|PS|kW shp|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=89}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|9.7|kn}} and a submerged speed of {{convert|12.5|kn}}. When submerged, the boat could operate at {{convert|4|kn}} for {{convert|194|nmi}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|2600|nmi}} at {{convert|8|kn}}. U-2321 was fitted with two {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes in the bow. She could carry two preloaded torpedoes. The complement was 14–18 men.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=89}} This class of U-boat did not carry a deck gun. Service historyThe boats were unsuccessful, largely because of the professional nature of veteran Allied naval commanders in their construction of convoys and their preparation of escorts. The North Sea proved largely barren, as most shipping was concentrated in the heavily defended English Channel, as so it was nearly a month after leaving Horten Naval Base in Norway that U-2321 scored her first and only victory, torpedoing the unescorted 1,400 ton steamship {{SS|Gasray||2}}.[1] Four days later, U-2321 was back in port at Kristiansand, where she was still berthed when Germany surrendered on 9 May. Sailed to Loch Ryan in Scotland, U-2321 was allowed to rust and rot, the decaying hull destroyed as a naval gunfire target on 27 November 1945 along with all the other surrendered Norwegian U-boats. Summary of raiding history
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/3483.html |title=Gasray (Steam merchant) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=16 February 2015}} Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 |work=Der U-Boot-Krieg |volume=IV |publisher=Mittler |location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |language=German |ref=harv }}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}
|last=Sharpe |first=Peter |title=U-Boat Fact File |publisher=Midland Publishing |location=Great Britain |year=1998 |isbn=1-85780-072-9 |ref=harv }}{{Refend}} External links
|url= http://uboat.net/boats/u2321.htm |title= The Type XXIII boat U-2321 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate= 6 December 2014 }}{{German Type XXIII submarines}}{{November 1945 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Submarine | portal3=World War II }}{{use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U2321}} 9 : World War II submarines of Germany|Type XXIII submarines|Operation Deadlight|U-boats commissioned in 1944|1944 ships|Ships built in Hamburg|Ships sunk as targets|U-boats sunk in 1945|Maritime incidents in November 1945 |
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