| 词条 | German submarine U-269 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
During its career the submarine failed to sink or damage any vessels, but neither did it lose any crew members prior to its sinking on 25 June 1944.[1] DesignGerman Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-269 had a displacement of {{convert|769|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|871|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-269 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} Service historyAfter training with the 8th U-boat Flotilla in the Baltic Sea, U-269 was assigned to the 11th U-boat Flotilla based in Bergen, Norway.[1] U-269 first left Kiel on 16 March 1943 to operate from bases in Norway, carrying out two patrols in the Barents Sea in the summer of 1943, one under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Karl-Heinrich Harlfinger in March and April, and another under Oblt.z.S. Otto Hansen in July, August and September.[2]Reassigned to the 6th U-boat Flotilla, on 4 November 1943 the U-boat left Bergen for her third patrol in the Atlantic under the command of the newly promoted Kapitänleutnant Karl-Heinrich Harlfinger. On 1 December Allied forces attacked the U-boat, causing serious damage and forcing U-269 to abort her patrol. She reached St. Nazaire on the French Atlantic coast on the 15th.[2] In France, command was assumed by Oberleutnant zur See Georg Uhl, who made one short patrol in the Bay of Biscay in May 1944, then sailed from Brest on 6 June ("D-Day") to St. Peter Port, Guernsey, three days later sailing into the English Channel on her final patrol.[2] SinkingU-269 was sunk on 25 June 1944 south-east of Torquay, in position {{coord|50|01|N|2|59|W|type:landmark_source:dewiki_dim:200000|display=inline,title}}.[1] The U-boat was detected by the Royal Navy frigate {{HMS|Bickerton|K466|6}}, of the 5th Support Group, which immediately attacked with depth charges. The first attack knocked out all the lights aboard the U-boat, while the second ruptured the seals on the drive shafts, allowing water to rush in. The frigate's third depth charge run destroyed pipes, valves and electrical connections. Realizing that the situation was hopeless, Uhl ordered U-269 to surface, and prepared to abandon and scuttle the boat. The submarine surfaced within range of the frigate, which had just dropped a fourth set of depth charges. The U-boat began to sink immediately, while the survivors swam away or escaped on rafts. Bickerton picked up the 39 survivors.[3] There were 13 dead, including Captain Uhl. The wreck of U-269 was located in 1951, during a search for the missing British submarine {{HMS|Affray|P421|2}}, this was confirmed by nautical archaeologist Innes McCartney in 1999.[1] WolfpacksU-269 took part in three wolfpacks, namely.
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u269.htm |title=The Type VIIC boat U-269 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=8 April 2010}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/u269.html |title=War Patrols by German U-boat U-269 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=8 April 2010}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0269.html|title=U 269| last=Hofmann| first=Markus| website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de| language=German|accessdate=8 April 2010}} Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 |work=Der U-Boot-Krieg |volume=IV |publisher=Mittler |location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |language=German |ref=harv }}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}
|first=Innes |last=McCartney |title=Lost Patrols: Submarine Wrecks of the English Channel |year=2002 }}
|last=Kemp |first=Paul |title=U-Boats Destroyed - German Submarine Losses in the World Wars |location=London |year=1999 |publisher=Arms & Armour |isbn=1-85409-515-3 |ref=harv }}
|last1=Blüm |first1=Jörg |last2=Poppe |first2=Joachim |title=Versenkte Jugend |work=Erinnerungen eines deutschen U-Boot-Fahrers auf U-269 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |location=Norderstedt |year=2015 |isbn=978-3-7347-7972-5 |ref=harv |language=German }}{{Refend}} External links
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u269.html |title=The Type VIIC boat U-269 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=26 December 2014 }}
|url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0269.html |title=U 269 |last=Hofmann |first=Markus |website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de |language=German |accessdate=26 December 2014 }}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{June 1944 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Submarine | portal3=World War II }}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0269}} 10 : U-boats commissioned in 1942|U-boats sunk in 1944|World War II submarines of Germany|German Type VIIC submarines|World War II shipwrecks in the English Channel|U-boats sunk by depth charges|U-boats sunk by British warships|1942 ships|Ships built in Bremen (state)|Maritime incidents in June 1944 |
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