| 词条 | German submarine U-300 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
German submarine U-300 was a Type VIIC/41 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 9 April 1943 by the Bremer Vulkan yard at Bremen-Vegesack as yard number 65. She was launched on 23 November 1943, and commissioned on 29 December 1943 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Fritz Hein. U-300 served with the 8th U-boat Flotilla for training, the 7th U-boat Flotilla from 1 August 1944 to 30 September 1944 and the 11th U-boat Flotilla from 1 October 1944 to 22 February 1945 for operations. She carried out three patrols, sinking two ships, and damaged two more before she was sunk on 22 February 1945 off Quarteira, Portugal. DesignGerman Type VIIC/41 submarines were preceded by the heavier Type VIIC submarines. U-300 had a displacement of {{convert|759|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|860|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-300 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one {{convert|3.7|cm|in|abbr=on}} Flak M42 and two {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} Service history1st patrolU-300 departed Horten Naval Base, Norway, on 18 July 1944 and sailed for the waters south-east of Iceland. On 4 August the U-boat was attacked by a Canso flying boat of No. 162 Squadron RCAF with three depth charges, causing extensive damage. The U-boat drove the aircraft off with flak, but was forced to return to base for repairs, arriving at Trondheim on 17 August.[3]2nd patrolThe U-boat left Trondheim on 4 October 1944 for another patrol south of Iceland. On 10 November she sank two ships from convoy UR-142 en route from the UK to Reykjavík in Iceland. She hit the British 6,017 ton tanker Shirvan[4] setting her on fire, and when the Icelandic 1,542 ton cargo ship Godafoss[5] stopped, against orders, to pick up survivors from the tanker, she was also torpedoed, and sank within seven minutes with the loss of 24 lives, including four young children.[6] The abandoned Shirvan foundered the next day. U-300 returned to Stavanger, Norway on 2 December.[7]3rd patrolU-300 sailed from Stavanger on 21 January 1945 on her third and final patrol to the Atlantic waters off Spain.[8] There on 17 February, 27 miles from Gibraltar, she attacked Convoy UGS-72, firing two spreads of two torpedoes, hitting the American 7,176 ton Liberty ship Michael J. Stone[9] and the British 9,551 ton tanker Regent Lion.[10]The Michael J. Stone was flooded in both holds and the steering room. However, she managed to reach Gibraltar under her own power where she was dry-docked and repaired. The Regent Lion, which had already been damaged by a torpedo from another U-boat the previous day, had to be taken in tow. She was grounded on Perl Rock, a mile south of Carnero Point in the Bay of Gibraltar, and was later declared a total loss. SinkingU-300 was sunk on 22 February 1945 in the North Atlantic south of Quarteira, in position {{coord|36|29|N|08|20|W|display=inline,title}}, by gunfire from the British {{sclass-|Algerine|minesweeper}}s {{HMS|Recruit|J298|6}} and {{HMS|Pincher|J294|6}}, after being badly damaged by depth charges from the British armed yacht {{HMS|Evadne}} on 19 February. Nine of the crew were lost, there were 41 survivors.[1]Summary of raiding history
References1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u300.htm |title=The Type VIIC/41 boat U-300 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-02}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/u300.html |title=War Patrols by German U-boat U-300 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-02}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4763.html |title=Patrol of U-boat U-300 from 18 Jul 1944 to 17 Aug 1944 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-02}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/3375.html |title=Shirvan (Steam tanker) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-02}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/3374.html |title=Godafoss (Steam merchant) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-02}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://timarit.is/view_page_init.jsp?pageId=1253359 |title=Morgunblaðið Nov. 12 1944 |publisher=www.timarit.is |accessdate=2010-01-10}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4764.html |title=Patrol of U-boat U-300 from 4 Oct 1944 to 2 Dec 1944 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-02}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4765.html |title=Patrol of U-boat U-300 from 21 Jan 1945 to 22 Feb 1945 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-02}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/3445.html |title=Michael J. Stone (Steam merchant) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-02}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/3446.html |title=Regent Lion (Motor tanker) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-02}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u300.html |title=Ships hit by U-300 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=29 December 2014}} Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 |work=Der U-Boot-Krieg |volume=IV |publisher=Mittler |location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |language=German |ref=harv }}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}
|last=Bishop |first=Chris |title=Kriegsmarine U-Boats, 1939-45 |publisher=Amber Books |location=London |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-904687-96-2 |ref=harv }}
|last=Kemp |first=Paul |title=U-Boats Destroyed - German Submarine Losses in the World Wars |location=London |year=1999 |publisher=Arms & Armour |isbn=1-85409-515-3 |ref=harv }}{{Refend}} External links
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u300.htm |title=The Type VII/C41 boat U-300 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=6 December 2014 }}
|url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0300.html |title=U 300 |last=Hofmann |first=Markus |website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de |language=German |accessdate=2014-12-06 }}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{February 1945 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Submarine | portal3=World War II }}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0300}} 10 : German Type VIIC/41 submarines|U-boats commissioned in 1943|U-boats sunk in 1945|World War II submarines of Germany|World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean|1943 ships|Ships built in Bremen (state)|U-boats sunk by British warships|U-boats sunk by depth charges|Maritime incidents in February 1945 |
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