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词条 German submarine U-309
释义

  1. Design

  2. Service history

     1st patrol  2nd patrol  3rd - 5th patrols  6th and 7th patrols  8th and 9th patrols  Fate  Wolfpacks 

  3. Discovery

  4. Summary of raiding history

  5. References

  6. Bibliography

  7. External links

{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=Ship caption=
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=Nazi GermanyNazi Germany|naval}}Ship name=U-309Ship ordered=5 June 1941Ship builder=Flender Werke, LübeckShip yard number=309Ship laid down=24 January 1942Ship launched=5 December 1942Ship commissioned=27 January 1943Ship homeport=Ship motto=Ship nickname=Ship fate=Sunk, 16 February 1945Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship class=Type VIIC submarineShip displacement=
  • {{convert|769|t|LT|0}} surfaced
  • {{convert|871|t|LT|0|abbr=on}} submerged
Ship length=
  • {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a
  • {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pressure hull
Ship beam=
  • {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a
  • {{convert|4.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pressure hull
9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}Ship power=
  • {{convert|2800|–|3200|PS|kW bhp|abbr=on}} (diesels)
  • {{convert|750|PS|kW shp|abbr=on}} (electric)
Ship propulsion=
  • 2 shafts
  • 2 × diesel engines
  • 2 × electric motors.
Ship speed=
  • {{convert|17.7|kn}} surfaced
  • {{convert|7.6|kn}} submerged
Ship range=
  • {{convert|8,500|nmi|abbr=on|lk=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}} surfaced
  • {{convert|80|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}} submerged
Ship test depth=
  • {{convert|230|m|ft|abbr=on}}
  • Crush depth: {{convert|250|–|295|m|ft|abbr=on}}
Ship complement=4 officers, 40–56 enlistedShip sensors=Ship EW=Ship armament=
  • 5 × {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four bow, one stern)
  • 14 × torpedoes or 26 TMA mines
  • 1 × {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} deck gun (220 rounds)
  • 2 × twin {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft guns
Ship notes=
}}{{service record		is_ship=yeslabel=Service record[1][2]partof=
  • 8th U-boat Flotilla
  • 27 January – 31 July 1943
  • 11th U-boat Flotilla
  • 1 August – 31 October 1943
  • 9th U-boat Flotilla
  • 1 November 1943 – 1 October 1944
  • 33rd U-boat Flotilla
  • 1 October 1944 – 16 February 1945
codes=M 49 703commanders=
  • Oblt.z.S. Hans-Gert Mahrholz
  • 27 January 1943 – August 1944
  • Oblt.z.S.. Herbert Loeder
  • August 1944 – 16 February 1945
operations=
  • 1st patrol: 13 September – 7 November 1943
  • 2nd patrol: 19 December 1943 – 14 February 1944
  • 3rd patrol: 20 – 25 June 1944
  • 4th patrol: 28 June – 6 July 1944
  • 5th patrol: 12 July – 3 August 1944
  • 6th patrol: 29 August – 13 October 1944
  • 7th patrol: 15 – 21 October 1944
  • 8th patrol: 30 January – 2 February 1945
  • 9th patrol: 8 – 16 February 1945
7,219}})
}}
German submarine U-309 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 24 January 1942 at the Flender Werke yard at Lübeck, launched on 5 December 1942, and commissioned on 27 January 1943 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Gert Mahrholz. She sailed on nine combat patrols, but damaged only one ship, before being sunk off Scotland on 16 February 1945.[1]

Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-309 had a displacement of {{convert|769|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|871|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two Garbe, Lahmeyer & Co. RP 137/c double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}}

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-309 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}}

Service history

1st patrol

After training with the 8th U-boat Flotilla at Königsberg, U-309 was transferred to the 11th U-boat Flotilla based in Bergen on 1 August 1943, Norway, for front-line service.[1] The U-boat departed Kiel on 26 August, arriving at Bergen seven days later, on 1 September. From there she sailed out into the Norwegian Sea on 13 September, and arrived in Trondheim six days later on the 18th.[3] As U-309 was then reassigned to the 9th U-boat Flotilla based at Brest in France.[1] She left Trondheim on 25 September, and sailed out into the mid-Atlantic to patrol, before arriving at Brest on 7 November.[4] During this patrol, on 30 September, U-309 suffered her only casualty, when Mechanikergefreiter Erich Jungmann was lost overboard while working out on deck.[1]

2nd patrol

U-309{{'}}s next patrol took her from Brest, on 19 December 1943, out into the Atlantic west of Ireland, then back to Bordeaux on 14 February 1944.[2] In April 1944 the U-boat was fitted with a Schnorchel underwater-breathing apparatus.[1]

3rd - 5th patrols

In June and July 1944 U-309 made two short patrols in the Bay of Biscay,[2] before finally achieving success during her fifth patrol. The U-boat sailed from Brest on 12 July 1944 and into the English Channel.[5] There, at 21:00 on 24 July, she fired three LuT pattern-running torpedoes at Convoy FTM-47, en route from Juno Beach in Normandy to Southend, and hit the 7,219 ton British Liberty ship Samneva. Badly damaged, the ship was beached at Southampton, but then broke in two and was declared a total loss.[6] U-309 returned to Brest on 3 August.[2]

6th and 7th patrols

As the French bases fell to the advancing Allies, U-309 was transferred again, this time to the 33rd U-boat Flotilla based at Flensburg.[1] Under her new commander Oberleutnant zur See Herbert Loeder she left La Pallice on 29 August 1944, and sailed around the British Isles to Stavanger, Norway, arriving on 13 October. The U-boat left there after only two days, sailing to Flensburg by the 21st.[2]

8th and 9th patrols

U-309 left Germany on 30 January 1945, sailing to Horten Naval Base in Norway, arriving there on 2 February. She departed on 8 February, and headed into the waters east of Scotland.[2]

Fate

There, on 16 February 1945, U-309 was shadowing Convoy WN-74 into the Moray Firth when she was detected by the Canadian {{sclass2-|River|frigate}} {{HMCS|Saint John|K456|2}} with ASDIC (sonar). The first attack on the U-boat produced some oil on the surface. Two further attacks were carried out using the Hedgehog anti-submarine mortar, which produced more oil. The fourth attack using depth charges produced wreckage including charts, signal books and cork insulation material.[7] U-309 sank in position {{coord|58|09|N|02|23|W|dim:2000000|display=inline,title}}. All 47 aboard were lost.[1]

Wolfpacks

U-309 took part in seven wolfpacks, namely.

  • Rossbach (6–9 October 1943)
  • Schlieffen (14–22 October 1943)
  • Siegfried (22–26 October 1943)
  • Rügen 7 (28 December 1943 - 2 January 1944)
  • Rügen 6 (2–7 January 1944)
  • Rügen (7–26 January 1944)
  • Stürmer (26 January - 3 February 1944)

Discovery

The wreck of what is believed to be U-309 was located on 17 May 2001, 25 miles off Wick in {{Convert|62|m}} of water. There are no identifying features, but the Type VIIC U-boat is close to the reported position of U-309{{'}}s sinking, and the damage sustained is consistent with that caused by depth charges. However there is a possibility that the wreck may be the {{GS|U-1020||2}}, which went missing in the North Sea in November 1944 and has never been found.[7]

Summary of raiding history

DateShip NameNationalityDisplacementFate[8]
24 July 1944Samneva{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}7,219Total loss

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{Cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u309.htm |title=The Type VIIC boat U-309 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=11 April 2010}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/u309.html |title=War Patrols by German U-boat U-309 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=11 April 2010}}
3. ^{{Cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4825.html |title=Patrol of U-boat U-309 from 13 Sep 1943 to 18 Sep 1943 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=11 April 2010}}
4. ^{{Cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4826.html |title=Patrol of U-boat U-309 from 25 September 1943 to 7 November 1943 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=11 April 2010}}
5. ^{{Cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4831.html |title=Patrol of U-boat U-309 from 12 July 1944 to 3 August 1944 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=11 April 2010}}
6. ^{{Cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/3297.html |title=Samneva (Steam merchant) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=11 April 2010}}
7. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://www.scapaflow.com/u309.html |title=The U-309 Expedition |work=scapaflow.com |accessdate=11 April 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123062231/http://www.scapaflow.com/u309.html |archivedate=23 January 2013}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u309.html |title=Ships hit by U-309 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=26 December 2014}}

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}
  • {{cite book | last1 = Busch | first1 = Rainer | last2 = Röll | first2 = Hans-Joachim | translator-last = Brooks | translator-first = Geoffrey | title = German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary | publisher = Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press | location = London, Annapolis, Md | year = 1999 | isbn = 1-55750-186-6 | ref = harv}}
  • {{cite book

|last1=Busch
|first1=Rainer
|last2=Röll
|first2=Hans-Joachim
|title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945
|trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945
|work=Der U-Boot-Krieg
|volume=IV
|publisher=Mittler
|location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn
|year=1999
|isbn=3-8132-0514-2
|language=German
|ref=harv
}}
  • {{cite book

|last1=Gröner
|first1=Erich
|author-link1=
|author-mask1=
|last2=Jung
|first2=Dieter
|display-authors=
|last-author-amp=
|last3=Maass
|first3=Martin
|translator-last1=Thomas
|translator-first1=Keith
|translator-last2=Magowan
|translator-first2=Rachel
|year=1991
|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|volume=2
|work=German Warships 1815–1945
|location=London
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press
|isbn=0-85177-593-4
|ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991
}}{{Refend}}

External links

  • {{Cite web

|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u309.html
|title=The Type VIIC boat U-309
|last=Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=26 December 2014
}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20130123062231/http://www.scapaflow.com/u309.html scapaflow.com: John's U-309/U-1020 Expedition]
  • {{cite web

|url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0309.html
|title=U 309
|last=Hofmann
|first=Markus
|website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de
|language=German
|accessdate=26 December 2014
}}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{February 1945 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar
| portal1=Military of Germany
| portal2=Submarine
| portal3=World War II
}}{{use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0309}}

11 : German Type VIIC submarines|U-boats commissioned in 1943|U-boats sunk in 1945|World War II submarines of Germany|World War II shipwrecks in the North Sea|1942 ships|Ships built in Lübeck|U-boats sunk by depth charges|U-boats sunk by Canadian warships|Ships lost with all hands|Maritime incidents in February 1945
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