| 词条 | German submarine U-383 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
German submarine U-383 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 29 March 1941 at the Howaldtswerke yard at Kiel, launched on 22 April 1942, and commissioned on 6 June under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Horst Kremser.[1] DesignGerman Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-383 had a displacement of {{convert|769|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|871|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two Garbe, Lahmeyer & Co. RP 137/c double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-383 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} Service historyU-383 served with the 8th U-boat Flotilla for training, and then operationally with the 9th flotilla from 1 October 1942 to 1 August 1943.[1] She completed four patrols in that time, sinking only one ship, the {{GRT|423|disp=long}} Icelandic trawler Jon Olafsson on 24 October 1942,[3] during her first patrol.[2]On the evening of 1 August 1943 U-383 was attacked west of Brittany, at position {{coord|47|24|N|12|10|W|dim:2000000|display=inline,title}}, by a Short Sunderland of No. 228 Squadron RAF. Responding with flak, the U-boat holed the fuselage and shot away the starboard float and aileron of the aircraft, which pressed home its attack and straddled the U-boat with depth charges before heading back to base. Kremser radioed for assistance, and though three U-boats and three torpedo boats searched during the night and the next day, they failed to locate the crippled U-383 and she was presumed lost.[1] WolfpacksU-383 took part in ten wolfpacks, namely.
Summary of raiding history
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u383.htm |title=The Type VIIC boat U-383 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-13}} 2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/u383.html |title=War Patrols by German U-boat U-383 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-13}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2291.html |title=Jon Olafsson (Steam trawler) |website=Ships hit by U-boats - uboat.net |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |accessdate=2010-01-13}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u383.html |title=Ships hit by U-383 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=26 December 2014}} Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 |work=Der U-Boot-Krieg |volume=IV |publisher=Mittler |location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |language=German |ref=harv }}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}
|last=Bishop |first=Chris |title=Kriegsmarine U-Boats, 1939-45 |publisher=Amber Books |location=London |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-904687-96-2 |ref=harv }}
|last=Kemp |first=Paul |title=U-Boats Destroyed - German Submarine Losses in the World Wars |location=London |year=1999 |publisher=Arms & Armour |isbn=1-85409-515-3 |ref=harv }}{{Refend}} External links
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u383.html |title=The Type VIIC boat U-383 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=26 December 2014 }}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{August 1943 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Submarine | portal3=World War II }}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0383}} 11 : German Type VIIC submarines|U-boats commissioned in 1942|U-boats sunk in 1943|U-boats sunk by depth charges|U-boats sunk by British aircraft|World War II submarines of Germany|World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean|1942 ships|Ships built in Kiel|Ships lost with all hands|Maritime incidents in August 1943 |
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