| 词条 | German submarine U-443 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
German submarine U-443 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down at Schichau-Werke, Danzig, on 10 February 1941, launched on 14 January 1942 and commissioned on 18 April with Oberleutnant zur See Konstantin von Puttkamer in command. She served with the 8th U-boat Flotilla for training, then with the 9th flotilla from 1 October 1942 to 31 December 1942, and the 29th flotilla from 1 January 1943 to 23 February for operations. U-443 completed three patrols, sinking three merchant ships totalling {{GRT|19,435|disp=long}} and one warship of {{GRT|1,087|link=off}}. DesignGerman Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-443 had a displacement of {{convert|769|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|871|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-443 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} Service history1st patrolU-443 began her operational service when she departed Kiel on 1 October 1942 and sailed out into the Atlantic, clearing the northern coast of Scotland. On 9 October in rough weather, a lookout broke his arm. The U-boat sank two ships from Convoy ON 139 in mid-Atlantic on 22 October, but was then forced to submerge where she was held by the escort ships until the convoy had escaped. She subsequently steamed into Brest in occupied France, arriving on 4 November. 2nd patrolHer second sortie saw her leave Brest on 29 November 1942, penetrate the heavily defended Strait of Gibraltar, sink two more ships in the western Mediterranean and arrive at the Italian port of La Spezia on 22 December. 3rd patrol and lossThe U-boat left La Spezia on 16 February 1943 and headed southwest. She was sunk with all hands on 23 February northwest of Algiers by depth charges from the escort destroyers {{HMS|Bicester|L34|6}}, {{HMS|Lamerton|L88|2}} and {{HMS|Wheatland|L122|2}}.{{sfn|Kemp|1999|p=105}} WolfpacksU-443 took part in two wolfpacks, namely.
Summary of raiding history
See also
ReferencesNotes1. ^Merchant ship tonnages are in gross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tons displacement. Citations{{reflist|30em}}Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last=Bishop |first=Chris |title=Kriegsmarine U-Boats, 1939-45 |publisher=Amber Books |location=London |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-904687-96-2 |ref=harv }}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 |work=Der U-Boot-Krieg |volume=IV |publisher=Mittler |location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |language=German |ref=harv }}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}
|last=Kemp |first=Paul |title=U-Boats Destroyed - German Submarine Losses in the World Wars |location=London |year=1999 |publisher=Arms & Armour |isbn=1-85409-515-3 |ref=harv }}{{Refend}} External links
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u443.html |title=The Type VIIC boat U-443 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=26 December 2014 }}{{coord|36|55|N|2|25|E|display=title}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{February 1943 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Submarine | portal3=World War II }}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0443}} 12 : German Type VIIC submarines|U-boats commissioned in 1942|U-boats sunk in 1943|World War II submarines of Germany|World War II shipwrecks in the Mediterranean|1942 ships|Ships built in Danzig|U-boats sunk by depth charges|U-boats sunk by British warships|Ships built by Schichau|Ships lost with all hands|Maritime incidents in February 1943 |
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