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词条 German submarine U-504
释义

  1. Design

  2. Service history

     1st patrol  2nd patrol  3rd patrol  4th patrol  5th and 6th patrol  7th patrol  Wolfpacks 

  3. Summary of raiding history

  4. References

  5. Bibliography

  6. External links

{{Infobox ship image
Ship image= U-505chicago.jpgShip image size= 300pxShip caption=U-505, a typical Type IXC boat
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=Nazi GermanyNazi Germany|naval}}Ship name=U-504Ship ordered=25 September 1939Ship builder=Deutsche Werft, HamburgShip yard number=294Ship laid down=29 April 1940Ship launched=24 April 1941Ship commissioned=30 July 1941Ship homeport=Ship motto=Ship nickname=Ship fate=Sunk, 30 July 1943Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship class=Type IXC submarineShip displacement=
  • {{convert|1120|t|LT|abbr=on}} surfaced
  • {{convert|1232|t|LT|abbr=on}} submerged
Ship length=
  • {{convert|76.76|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a
  • {{convert|58.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pressure hull
Ship beam=
  • {{convert|6.76|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a
  • {{convert|4.40|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pressure hull
9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}4.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}}Ship power=
  • {{convert|4400|PS|kW bhp|abbr=on}} (diesels)
  • {{convert|1000|PS|kW shp|-1|abbr=on}} (electric)
Ship propulsion=
  • 2 shafts
  • 2 × diesel engines
  • 2 × electric motors
Ship speed=
  • {{convert|18.2|kn}} surfaced
  • {{convert|7.7|kn}} submerged
Ship range=
  • {{convert|13,450|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}} surfaced
  • {{convert|64|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}} submerged
Ship test depth=
  • {{convert|230|m|ft|abbr=on}}
Ship complement=4 officers, 44 enlistedShip armament=
  • 6 × torpedo tubes (4 bow, 2 stern)
  • 22 × {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedoes
  • 1 × {{convert|10.5|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/32 deck gun (180 rounds)
  • 1 × {{convert|3.7|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/30 AA gun
  • 1 × twin 2 cm FlaK 30 AA guns
Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox service record		is_ship=yeslabel=Service record[1][2]partof=
  • 4th U-boat Flotilla
  • 30 July – 31 December 1941
  • 2nd U-boat Flotilla
  • 1 January 1942 – 30 July 1943
codes=commanders=
  • K.Kapt. Hans-Georg Friedrich Poske
  • 30 July 1941 – 5 January 1943
  • K.Kapt. Wilhelm Luis
  • 6 January – 30 July 1943
operations=
  • 1st patrol: 6–20 January 1942
  • 2nd patrol: 25 January – 1 April 1942
  • 3rd patrol: 2 May – 7 July 1942
  • 4th patrol: 19 August – 11 December 1942
  • 5th patrol: 19 January – 24 March 1943
  • 6th patrol: 21 April – 29 May 1943
  • 7th patrol: 27–30 July 1943
victories=
  • 15 commercial ships sunk ({{GRT|78,123}})
  • one commercial ship a total loss ({{GRT|7,176}})

}}

German submarine U-504 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 29 April 1940 at the Deutsche Werft yard in Hamburg as yard number 294, launched on 24 April 1941 and commissioned on 30 July 1941 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Hans-Georg Friedrich "Fritz" Poske. Initially attached to the 4th U-boat Flotilla for training, the U-boat was transferred to the 2nd flotilla on 1 January 1942 for front-line service.[1] She was a member of six wolfpacks.

Design

German Type IXC submarines were slightly larger than the original Type IXBs. U-504 had a displacement of {{convert|1120|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|1232|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}} The U-boat had a total length of {{convert|76.76|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|58.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.76|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|4400|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|1000|shp|PS kW|-1}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.92|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}}

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|18.3|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.3|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|63|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|13450|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-504 was fitted with six {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one {{convert|10.5|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a {{convert|3.7|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/30 as well as a {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}}

Service history

1st patrol

U-504{{'}}s first war patrol took her from Kiel in Germany, to her home port of Lorient, in occupied France, between 6 and 20 January 1942 without incident.[3]

2nd patrol

On 25 January 1942 U-504 sailed from Lorient, and headed across the Atlantic to the Florida coast.[4] There, at 04:55 on 22 February, she attacked the unescorted and unarmed American 5,287 ton tanker Republic about {{Convert|3.5|nmi}} north-east of Jupiter Inlet Light, Florida. Struck by two torpedoes, the ship settled by the stern, and the crew abandoned ship and rowed to shore. The badly damaged ship eventually drifted onto reefs about five miles (8 km) due east of Hobe Sound, Florida and finally sank on the afternoon of 23 February.[5] Meanwhile, the U-boat sank another ship, torpedoing the unescorted and unarmed American 10,227 ton tanker W.D. Anderson at 01:32 on 23 February, about {{convert|12|nmi}} north-east of Jupiter Inlet Light. Loaded with {{convert|133360|oilbbl|m3}} of crude oil, the ship burst into flames, killing all but one of the crew of 36, and later sank.[6]

U-504 struck again on 26 February sinking the unescorted Dutch 8,245 ton tanker Mamura about {{convert|230|nmi}} off the coast of Florida. The ship, loaded with gasoline, was hit by two torpedoes, setting it on fire and breaking it in two. The ship sank within eight minutes, killing all 49 of the crew.[7]

U-504{{'}}s final victim was the unescorted British 5,966 ton merchant ship Stangarth, sunk on 16 March, by a single torpedo, north-east of San Juan, Puerto Rico. There were no survivors from her crew of 46.[8] U-504 arrived back at Lorient on 1 April after 67 days at sea.

3rd patrol

The U-boat then sailed for a patrol in the Caribbean Sea, departing Lorient on 2 May 1942.[9] Her first success came on 29 May when she sank the unescorted British 1,597 ton cargo ship Allister, en route from Kingston, Jamaica, to Tampa, Florida, with a cargo of 500 tons of bananas. The ship was torpedoed {{convert|54|nmi}} south of Grand Cayman Island, losing 15 of her crew of 23.[10]

On 8 June U-504 struck twice, east of the Yucatán Peninsula. At 06:59 she sank the unescorted 3,901 ton Honduran merchant ship Tela with two torpedoes, sinking her within five minutes.[11] At 18:06 the U-boat opened fire with her deck gun on the unescorted British 1,512 ton merchant ship Rosenborg, after missing the ship with two torpedoes. She fired 60 shells, of which about 30 hit. Four of the crew were killed, the remaining 23 were later picked up and landed in Panama.[12]

The U-boat struck again twice in a single day, 11 June, off Honduras. She sank the unescorted Dutch 4,282 ton passenger ship Crijnssen at 02:10 with three torpedoes,[13] then the unescorted and unarmed American 4,846 ton merchant ship American at 18:01. The ship, carrying 6,500 tons of manganese ore, coffee, gunny sacks, jute and oil, from Santos, Brazil, to New Orleans, was hit by two torpedoes, and then a third eleven minutes later. The ship sank in 25 minutes. The crew of eight officers and 30 men abandoned ship.[14] Finally, on 14 June, she torpedoed and sank the Latvian 3,280 ton cargo ship Regent.[15] U-504 arrived back at Lorient on 7 July after 67 days at sea.

4th patrol

U-504 left Lorient again on 19 August 1942 and sailed south to the waters off South Africa as part of Wolfpack Eisbär.[16] There, on 17 October, about {{convert|450|nmi}} south of Cape Town, she torpedoed and sank the unescorted British 5,970 ton Empire Chaucer.[17] On the 23rd she sank the British 5,669 ton {{SS|City of Johannesburg}},[18] and on the 26th she attacked the unescorted American 7,176 ton Liberty ship Anne Hutchinson. The crew abandoned their vessel after she was hit by two torpedoes and fatally damaged. However the ship remained afloat, and on the 29th was taken in tow by the South African armed trawler HMSAS David Haigh (T13) and a harbour tug. Lacking sufficient power to tow the ship to port explosive charges were set, cutting the ship in two. The aft section sank, and the fore section was towed into Port Elizabeth. Part of the crew were picked up at sea, while the rest made it to land in their lifeboats.[18]U-504 sank two more British merchant ships on 31 October, about {{convert|200|nmi}} east of Durban. First the unescorted 7,041 ton Empire Guidon,[19] then the unescorted 5,113 ton Reynolds, which, hit amidships and in the stern, capsized and sank within seconds.[20]

Finally on 3 November she sank the unescorted and unarmed Brazilian 5,187 ton cargo ship Porto Alegre en route from Rio de Janeiro to Durban, off Port Elizabeth. Hit by a single torpedo, the crew abandoned ship before the U-boat delivered the coup de grâce. Only one crew member was lost. The survivors were questioned by the Germans, and later made landfall about {{convert|50|nmi}} from Port Elizabeth on 7 November.[21] U-504 arrived back at Lorient on 11 December 1942 after a patrol lasting 115 days.

5th and 6th patrol

U-504 left Lorient on 19 January 1943, now under the command of Kapitänleutnant Wilhelm Luis, and headed out into the Atlantic waters south of the Azores. She was subjected to attacks by unidentified Allied aircraft outbound on 21 January and inbound on 12 March, but was not damaged by either.[22] She returned to Lorient on 24 March after 65 days at sea, without making any successful attacks.[23]

Her next patrol took her to the waters south of Greenland between 21 April and 29 May 1943, again without result.[24]

7th patrol

U-504{{'}}s final patrol began on 27 July 1943 under the newly promoted Korvettenkapitän Wilhelm Luis.[25] On 30 July the U-boat was sunk with all 53 hands, north-west of Cape Ortegal, Spain, at position {{coord|45|33|N|10|56|W|dim:400000|display=inline,title}}, by depth charges from the British {{sclass-|Black Swan|sloop|1}}s {{HMS|Kite|U87|6}}, {{HMS|Woodpecker|U08|2}}, {{HMS|Wren|D88|2}} and {{HMS|Wild Goose|U45|2}}.[1]

Wolfpacks

U-504 took part in six wolfpacks, namely

  • Eisbär (25 August – 1 September 1942)[26]
  • Rochen (16 February – 1 March 1943)[27]
  • Tümmler (1–22 March 1943)[28]
  • Amsel 1 (3–6 May 1943)[29]
  • Elbe (7–10 May 1943)[30]
  • Elbe 2 (10–14 May 1943)[31]

Summary of raiding history

Date Name Nationality Tonnage Fate
22 February 1942Republic{{flag|United States|1912}}5,287Sunk
23 February 1942W.D. Anderson{{flag|United States|1912}}10,227Sunk
26 February 1942Mamura{{flag|Netherlands}}8,245Sunk
16 March 1942Stangarth{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}5,966Sunk
29 May 1942Allister{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}1,597Sunk
8 June 1942Rosenborg{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}1,512Sunk
8 June 1942Tela{{flag|Honduras}}3,901Sunk
11 June 1942American{{flag|United States|1912}}4,846Sunk
11 June 1942Crijnssen{{flag|Netherlands}}4,282Sunk
14 June 1942Regent{{flag|Latvia}}3,280Sunk
17 October 1942Empire Chaucer{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}5,970Sunk
23 October 1942City of Johannesburg{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}5,669Sunk
26 October 1942Anne Hutchinson{{flag|United States|1912}}7,176Total loss
31 October 1942Empire Guidon{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}7,041Sunk
31 October 1942Reynolds{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}5,113Sunk
3 November 1942Porto Alegre{{flag|Brazil|1889}}5,187Sunk

References

1. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u504.htm |title=The Type IXC boat U-504 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/u504.html |title=War Patrols by German U-boat U-504 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_1071.html |title=Patrol of U-boat U-504 from 6 Jan 1942 to 20 Jan 1942 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=U-boat patrols - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_1072.html |title=Patrol of U-boat U-504 from 25 Jan 1942 to 1 Apr 1942 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=U-boat patrols - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1361.html |title=Republic (Steam tanker) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=Ships hit by U-boats - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1371.html |title=W.D. Anderson (Steam tanker) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=Ships hit by U-boats - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1382.html |title=Mamura (Motor tanker) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=Ships hit by U-boats - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1442.html |title=Stangarth (Steam merchant) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=Ships hit by U-boats - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_1073.html |title=Patrol of U-boat U-504 from 2 May 1942 to 7 Jul 1942 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=U-boat patrols - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1719.html |title=Allister (Steam merchant) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=Ships hit by U-boats - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1760.html |title=Tela (Steam merchant) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=Ships hit by U-boats - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1757.html |title=Rosenborg (Steam merchant) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=Ships hit by U-boats - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1782.html |title=Crijnssen (Steam passenger ship) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=Ships hit by U-boats - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1785.html |title=American (Steam merchant) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=Ships hit by U-boats - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1798.html |title=Regent (Steam merchant) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=Ships hit by U-boats - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_1074.html |title=Patrol of U-boat U-504 from 19 Aug 1942 to 11 Dec 1942 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=U-boat patrols - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
17. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2281.html |title=Empire Chaucer (Steam merchant) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=Ships hit by U-boats - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
18. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2530.html |title=City of Johannesburg (Steam merchant) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=Ships hit by U-boats - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2337.html |title=Empire Guidon (Steam merchant) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=Ships hit by U-boats - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
20. ^other sources credit the raider Michel with sinking Reynolds
21. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2360.html |title=Porto Alegre (Steam merchant) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=Ships hit by U-boats - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
22. ^{{cite web |url=http://ubootwaffe.net/ops/boat.cgi?boat=504 |title=U-Boat Operations U-504 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=U-boat patrols |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
23. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_1075.html |title=Patrol of U-boat U-504 from 19 Jan 1943 to 24 Mar 1943 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=U-boat patrols - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
24. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_1076.html |title=Patrol of U-boat U-504 from 21 Apr 1943 to 29 May 1943 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=U-boat patrols - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
25. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_1077.html |title=Patrol of U-boat U-504 from 27 Jul 1943 to 30 Jul 1943 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=U-boat patrols - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-25}}
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/ops/wolfpacks/79.html |title=Wolfpack Eisbär |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=10 June 2015}}
27. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/ops/wolfpacks/75.html |title=Wolfpack Rochen |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=10 June 2015}}
28. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/ops/wolfpacks/88.html |title=Wolfpack Tümmler |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=10 June 2015}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/ops/wolfpacks/108.html |title=Wolfpack Amsel 1 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=10 June 2015}}
30. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/ops/wolfpacks/123.html |title=Wolfpack Elbe |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=10 June 2015}}
31. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/ops/wolfpacks/125.html |title=Wolfpack Elbe 2 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=10 June 2015}}

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}
  • {{cite book | last1 = Busch | first1 = Rainer | last2 = Röll | first2 = Hans-Joachim | translator-last = Brooks | translator-first = Geoffrey | title = German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary | publisher = Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press | location = London, Annapolis, Md | year = 1999 | isbn = 1-55750-186-6 | ref = harv}}
  • {{cite book

|last1=Busch
|first1=Rainer
|last2=Röll
|first2=Hans-Joachim
|title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945
|trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945
|work=Der U-Boot-Krieg
|volume=IV
|publisher=Mittler
|location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn
|year=1999
|isbn=3-8132-0514-2
|language=German
|ref=harv
}}
  • {{cite book

|last1=Gröner
|first1=Erich
|author-link1=
|author-mask1=
|last2=Jung
|first2=Dieter
|display-authors=
|last-author-amp=
|last3=Maass
|first3=Martin
|translator-last1=Thomas
|translator-first1=Keith
|translator-last2=Magowan
|translator-first2=Rachel
|year=1991
|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|volume=2
|work=German Warships 1815–1945
|location=London
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press
|isbn=0-85177-593-4
|ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991
}}{{Refend}}

External links

  • {{Cite web

|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u504.htm
|title=The Type IXC boat U-504
|last=Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=7 December 2014
}}{{German Type IXC submarines}}{{July 1943 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar
| portal1=Military of Germany
| portal2=Submarine
| portal3=World War II
}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0504}}

11 : German Type IX submarines|U-boats commissioned in 1941|U-boats sunk in 1943|U-boats sunk by British warships|U-boats sunk by depth charges|World War II submarines of Germany|World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean|1941 ships|Ships built in Hamburg|Ships lost with all hands|Maritime incidents in July 1943
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