| 词条 | German submarine U-94 (1940) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
German submarine U-94 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was laid down on 9 September 1939 at the F. Krupp Germaniawerft in Kiel as yard number 599, launched on 12 June 1940 and commissioned on 10 August 1940 under Kapitänleutnant Herbert Kuppisch. She sank 26 ships of {{GRT|141,852}} in ten patrols and was a member of six wolfpacks but was herself sunk by a US aircraft and a Canadian warship in August 1942. DesignGerman Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-94 had a displacement of {{convert|769|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|871|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-94 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} Service history1st patrolThe boat left Kiel on 20 November 1940, heading for Lorient in France which she reached, via the North Sea on 31 December. On the way, she sank Stirlingshire on 2 December, {{convert|280|nmi}} northwest of the Bloody Foreland, (a northwesterly point of the Irish mainland).[1] She also sent Wilhelmina and Empire Statesman to the bottom on the 2nd and the 11th respectively. After that, the boat headed for mid-ocean before docking at her French Atlantic base. 2nd and 3rd patrolsU-94 returned to the Atlantic west of Ireland and Scotland for her second patrol. She sank three more ships; Florian on 20 January 1941, West Wales on the 29th and Rushpool on the 30th. For her third sortie, the boat moved into the waters west of Iceland. She sank Harbledown on 4 April 1941 and Lincoln Ellsworth on the 6th. The latter ship was destroyed by a combination of torpedo and fire from the deck gun. 4th and 5th patrolsU-94 was attacked by the escorts of convoy OB 318 on 7 May 1941. Some 98 depth charges over four hours were dropped. The boat persisted with her attack, however, sinking Eastern Star and Ixion. Two more merchantmen met their end on the 20th: Norman Monarch and John P. Pedersen. Patrol number five was carried out west of the Canary Islands; it was relatively uneventful. 6th patrolHaving left St. Nazaire on 2 September 1941, U-94 operated southeast of Cape Farewell (Greenland). She sank Newbury, Pegasus and Empire Eland, all on the 15th. On 1 October, she fired five torpedoes at San Florentino. Three of them struck home; the ship broke in two after the third impact. The bow section remained afloat and was engaged by the U-boat's deck gun, it was eventually finished off by {{HMCS|Alberni|K103|6}}. The boat returned to Kiel on 15 October. 7th patrolU-94 departed Kiel on 12 January 1942; she negotiated the gap between the Faroe and Shetland Islands, docking once more at St. Nazaire on the 30th. 8th patrolThe U-boat continued her successes on the western side of the Atlantic. She sank the Empire Hail east of St. Johns, Newfoundland on 24 February 1942. Following the coast-line to the south, her next victim was Cayrú, about {{convert|130|nmi}} from New York on 9 March. She also sank Hvoslef two miles east of Fenwick Island, off Delaware Bay on the 11th.[2] 9th patrolU-94 left St. Nazaire on 4 May 1942 for what would be her top-scoring patrol, (it was to be carried out once more south of Greenland). Moving into this area, a steady stream of sinkings resulted; the Cocle on 12 May, Batna and Tolken, both on the 13th - a sailing ship, Maria da Glória on 5 June; Ramsay and Empire Clough on the 10th. Her last kill was Pontypridd, on the following day. 10th patrol and lossThe boat left St. Nazaire for the last time for the Caribbean on 3 August 1942. Off Haiti on the 28th, she was sunk by depth charges dropped by a US PBY Catalina from VP-92 and ramming by the Canadian corvette {{HMCS|Oakville}}. Nineteen men died with the U-boat; there were twenty-six survivors. WolfpacksU-94 took part in six wolfpacks, namely.
Summary of raiding history
* Sailing vessel References{{Commons category|U-94 (submarine, 1940)}}
1. ^The Times Atlas of the World, 1995, p. 9 2. ^The Times Atlas of the World, 1995, p. 65 3. ^{{Cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u94.html |title=Ships hit by U-94 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=26 December 2014}} Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last=Bishop |first=C |year=2006 |title=Kriegsmarine U-Boats, 1939–45 |location= |publisher=Amber Books |isbn= }}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 |work=Der U-Boot-Krieg |volume=IV |publisher=Mittler |location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |language=German |ref=harv }}
|last=Edwards |first=Bernard |title=Dönitz and the Wolf Packs - The U-boats at War |year=1996 |isbn=0-304-35203-9 |pages=66, 67, 70, 71 |publisher=Cassell Military Classics |ref={{sfnRef|Edwards}} }}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}
|last=Miller |first=David |year=2000 |title=U-Boats: the Illustrated History of the Raiders of the Deep |location=Washington |publisher=Brassey’s Inc |isbn= }}
|title=The Times Atlas of the World |year=1995 |edition=Third, revised |location= |publisher= |isbn=0-7230-0809-4 }}{{Refend}} External links
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u94.html |title=The Type VIIC boat U-94 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=26 December 2014 }}
|url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0094.html |title=U 94 |last=Hofmann |first=Markus |website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de |language=German |accessdate=26 December 2014 }}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{August 1942 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Submarine | portal3=World War II }}{{coord|17|40|N|74|30|W|display=title|type:landmark_source:dewiki}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0094}} 10 : World War II submarines of Germany|U-boats sunk in 1942|U-boats sunk by US aircraft|U-boats sunk by Canadian warships|World War II shipwrecks in the Caribbean Sea|1940 ships|Ships built in Kiel|German Type VIIC submarines|U-boats commissioned in 1940|Maritime incidents in August 1942 |
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