| 词条 | German submarine U-95 (1940) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
German submarine U-95 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was laid down on 16 September 1939 by Germaniawerft at Kiel as yard number 600 and commissioned on 31 August 1940. In seven patrols, she sank eight ships for a total of {{GRT|28,415|disp=long}} and damaged four other vessels for a total of {{GRT|27,916|link=off}}. U-95 was sunk by a torpedo from the Dutch submarine {{HNLMS|O 21}} on 28 November 1941 in the Mediterranean Sea. DesignGerman Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-95 had a displacement of {{convert|769|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|871|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-95 was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one {{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} Service historyU-95 was a member of two wolfpacks. 1st patrolThe boat left Kiel for her first patrol on 20 November 1940. She entered the Northern Atlantic Ocean and damaged Ringhorn on the 28th with her deck gun, having missed with two torpedoes. The merchantman was hit in the funnel and near the bridge, but the action could not be brought to a successful conclusion because of weather conditions. The Germans, believing the ship would sink, left the area but the crew re-boarded her and sailed to Belfast Lough. U-95 also damaged Conch on 2 December. This ship had already been hit by {{GS|U-47|1938|2}} about {{convert|370|nmi}} west of Bloody Foreland (Ireland). The boat fired four torpedoes, one of which struck the vessel. She was eventually sunk by {{GS|U-99|1940|2}}. The submarine headed for her new French Atlantic base, arriving at Lorient on 6 December. 2nd patrolU-95 continued the business of damaging ships when she attacked, but did not sink, Walotira {{convert|124|nmi}} northwest of Rockall on 26 December 1940. This vessel met her end due to the actions of U-99 on the 27th. 3rd patrolThe boat left Lorient on 16 February 1941 for her third sortie. She sank Cape Nelson and Temple Moat south of Iceland on the 24th. When Pacific went down on 2 March north of Rockall, there was only one survivor. The destruction of the neutral Murjek was even more bloody. She went to the bottom with all hands on the 5th. U-95 returned to France, but to St. Nazaire on 19 March. 4th patrolThe boat maintained her success on her fourth patrol, sinking Taranger {{convert|150|nmi}} southwest of Reykavik in Iceland on 3 May 1941. 5th patrolFor her fifth patrol, U-95 damaged Palma west southwest of Bantry Bay (Ireland)[1] on 20 July 1941. One hit with her deck gun was reported when three rounds had struck their target. 6th patrolU-95{{'}}s only kill on her sixth foray was Trinidad. The relatively small ship was sunk with 37 rounds from the boat's deck gun due west of La Rochelle on 6 September 1941. 7th patrol and lossThe submarine successfully forced the heavily defended Strait of Gibraltar and entered the Mediterranean Sea. She was sunk by a torpedo from the Dutch submarine {{HNLMS|O 21||2}} southwest of Almeria in Spain on 28 November 1941. 35 men died with the U-boat; there were 12 survivors. WolfpacksU-95 took part in two wolfpacks, namely.
Summary of raiding history
See also
References1. ^The Times Atlas of the World - Third edition, revised 1995, {{ISBN|0 7230 0809 4}}, p. 9 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u95.html |title=Ships hit by U-95 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=26 December 2014}} Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 |work=Der U-Boot-Krieg |volume=IV |publisher=Mittler |location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |language=German |ref=harv }}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}{{Refend}} External links
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/u95.html |title=The Type VIIC boat U-95 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=26 December 2014 }}
|url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0095.html |title=U 95 |last=Hofmann |first=Markus |website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de |language=German |accessdate=26 December 2014 }}{{German Type VII submarines}}{{November 1941 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Submarine | portal3=World War II }}{{coord|36|24|N|3|20|W|type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0095}} 9 : German Type VIIC submarines|U-boats commissioned in 1940|U-boats sunk in 1941|U-boats sunk by Dutch submarines|World War II submarines of Germany|World War II shipwrecks in the Mediterranean|1940 ships|Ships built in Kiel|Maritime incidents in November 1941 |
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