| 词条 | Germinal matrix hemorrhage |
| 释义 |
| name = Germinal matrix hemorrhage | image = | caption = | | pronounce = | field = | synonyms = | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }}Germinal matrix hemorrhage is a bleeding into the subependymal germinal matrix with or without subsequent rupture into the lateral ventricle. Such intraventricular hemorrhage can occur due to perinatal asphyxia in preterm neonates.[1] PresentationThis may lead to various neurological sequelae including presentation with cerebral palsy, mental retardation and seizures. PathophysiologyThe germinal matrix is the site of proliferating neuronal and glial precursors in the developing brain, which is located above the caudate nucleus, in the floor of the lateral ventricle, and caudothalamic groove. The germinal matrix contains a rich network of fragile thin-walled blood vessels. Hence the microcirculation in this particular area is extremely sensitive to hypoxia and changes in perfusion pressure. It is most frequent before 35 weeks gestation and is typically seen in very low birth-weight (<1500g) premature infants, because they lack the ability for auto regulation of cerebral blood flow. Consequently, increased arterial blood pressure in these blood vessels leads to rupture and hemorrhage into germinal matrix.[2] DiagnosisGradesFour grades are distinguished (by imaging or histology):
PreventionAntenatal corticosteroids have a role in reducing incidence of germinal matrix hemorrhage in premature infants.[3] Management{{Empty section|date=November 2017}}See also
References1. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Enzmann D, Murphy-Irwin K, Stevenson D, Ariagno R, Barton J, Sunshine P | title = The natural history of subependymal germinal matrix hemorrhage | journal = Am J Perinatol | volume = 2 | issue = 2 | pages = 123–33 | year = 1985 | pmid = 3913430 | doi = 10.1055/s-2007-999929}} 2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Papile|first1=Lu-Ann|last2=Burstein|first2=Jerome|last3=Burstein|first3=Rochelle|last4=Koffler|first4=Herbert|title=Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage: A study of infants with birth weights less than 1,500 gm|journal=The Journal of Pediatrics|date=April 1978|volume=92|issue=4|pages=529–534|doi=10.1016/S0022-3476(78)80282-0|pmid=305471}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Leviton|first1=A|last2=Kuban|first2=KC|last3=Pagano|first3=M|last4=Allred|first4=EN|last5=Van Marter|first5=L|title=Antenatal corticosteroids appear to reduce the risk of postnatal germinal matrix hemorrhage in intubated low birth weight newborns.|journal=Pediatrics|date=June 1993|volume=91|issue=6|pages=1083–8|pmid=8502506}} External links{{Medical resources| DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = {{ICD10|P|52||p|50}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|772.11}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = radio | eMedicineTopic = 305 | MeshID = }}{{Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period}} 3 : Neurotrauma|Disorders causing seizures|Neonatology |
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