| 词条 | Gholam Reza Azhari |
| 释义 |
| name = Gholam Reza Azhari | image = Gholam Reza Azhari portrait.jpg | order = 44th | office = Prime Minister of Iran | monarch = Mohammad Reza Shah | term_start = 6 November 1978 | term_end = 4 January 1979 | predecessor = Jafar Sharif-Emami | successor = Shapour Bakhtiar | birth_date = 18 February 1912 | birth_place = Shiraz, Iran | death_date = 5 November 2001 (aged 89) | death_place = McLean, Virginia, United States | alma_mater = National War College | spouse = | party = | allegiance = Iran | branch = Imperial Iranian Army | serviceyears = 1935–1979 | rank = General officer | unit = | commands = Commander-in-Chiefs of the Iranian Armed Forces | battles = }} Gholam Reza Azhari ({{lang-fa| غلامرضا ازهاری}}; 18 February 1912 – 5 November 2001) was a military leader and Prime Minister of Iran. Early life and educationAzhari was born in Shiraz in 1912 (or in 1917).[1] He was a graduate of Iran's war college. He was also trained at the National War College in Washington in the 1950s.[1] CareerAzhari worked at the CENTO.[2] He was appointed chief of staff of Iran's armed forces in 1971 and his tenure lasted until 1978.[4] He served as interim prime minister of a military government until a civilian government could be chosen. He served as prime minister from 6 November 1978 to 31 December 1978.[3][4] He formed the first military government in Iran since 1953.[5] On 21 December 1978, Azhari, then the prime minister, told U.S. Ambassador to Iran William Sullivan that, "You must know this and you must tell it to your government. This country is lost because the Shah cannot make up his mind."[6] Azhari had a heart attack in January 1979[9] and resigned on 2 January.[7] Then he was succeeded by Abbas Gharabaghi as the chief of the army staff.[8] Shapour Bakhtiar succeeded Azhari as prime minister.[8][9] On 18 February 1979 Azhari was retired from the army in absentia.[10] CabinetHis cabinet was composed of eight members (five military men and three civilians):[11]
However, it is also reported that the government was of eleven men and six of them were military officers.[12] Honours
Later years and deathAzhari suffered a heart attack while serving as prime minister.[9] After leaving office he went to the US in January 1979 for heart surgery at Bethesda Naval Hospital.[9] After surgery he did not return to Iran and settled in McLean, Virginia.[9] In the immediate aftermath of the revolution, Ayatollah Sadegh Khalkhali, a religious judge and then chairman of the Revolutionary Court, informed the press that the death sentence was passed on the members of the Pahlavi family and former Shah officials, including Azhari.[13] He died of cancer in McLean, Virginia, USA, on 5 November 2001.[14] See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Index At-Az|url=http://rulers.org/indexa5.html|work=Rulers|accessdate=31 July 2013}} 2. ^{{cite book|last=Rubin|first=Barry|title=Paved with Good Intentions|year=1980|publisher=Penguin Books|location=New York|page=220|url=http://www.gloria-center.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Paved-with-Good-Intentions-final.pdf}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Mansoor Moaddel|title=Class, Politics, and Ideology in the Iranian Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cgt2XSOuVgoC&pg=PA160|accessdate=25 July 2013|date=January 1994|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-51607-5|pages=160}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Nikazmerad|first=Nicholas M.|title=A Chronological Survey of the Iranian Revolution|journal=Iranian Studies|date=1980|volume=13|issue=1/4|pages=327–368|jstor=4310346|doi=10.1080/00210868008701575}} 5. ^1 {{cite news|last=Raein|first=Parviz|title=Shah decrees military control in Iran|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GJdGAAAAIBAJ&sjid=avgMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1396,924410&dq=gholam+reza+pahlavi&hl=en|accessdate=4 November 2012|newspaper=The Day|date=6 November 1978|agency=AP|location=Tehran}} 6. ^Sullivan, William H. Mission to Iran. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1981. p. 212. 7. ^{{cite news|title=Iran Cabinet|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2209&dat=19790102&id=BaMrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=o_wFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5085,45033|accessdate=31 July 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=2 January 1979}} 8. ^1 {{cite news|title=Shah selects chief of staff|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XEojAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7M4FAAAAIBAJ&pg=3099,2291600&dq=gholam+reza+pahlavi&hl=en|accessdate=4 November 2012|newspaper=The Palm Beach Post|date=5 January 1979|location=Tehran}} 9. ^{{cite book|last=Jessup|first=John E.|title=An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996|year=1998|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, CT|page=46|url=https://www.questia.com/read/106899354/an-encyclopedic-dictionary-of-conflict-and-conflict}} {{Subscription required|via=Questia}} 10. ^{{cite journal|last=Roberts|first=Mark|title=Purge of the Monarchists|journal=McNair Papers|date=January 1996|issue=47–48|url=https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-126445404/4-purge-of-the-monarchists|accessdate=29 August 2013}} {{Subscription required|via=Questia}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=General Gholam Reza Azhari meets the Foreign Press (1978)|url=http://iranian.com/main/blog/darius-kadivar/premiership-general-gholam-reza-azhari-meets-foreign-press-1978.html|work=Iranian|accessdate=31 July 2013}} 12. ^{{cite book|author=Jahangir Amuzegar|title=The Dynamics of the Iranian Revolution: The Pahlavis' Triumph and Tragedy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3KL5FvOejKkC&pg=PA255|accessdate=1 August 2013|year=1991|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-9483-7|pages=255}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=No Safe Haven: Iran's Global Assassination Campaign|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/english/english/publications/reports/3152-no-safe-haven-iran-s-global-assassination-campaign.html?p=2#.Uf49pWTAVgs|work=Iran Human Rights|accessdate=4 August 2013|year=2008}} 14. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|title=Gholamreza Azhari, 83; Briefly Served as Iran's Prime Minister|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2001/nov/18/local/me-5666|accessdate=31 July 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=18 November 2001}} Sources
before= Feridoun Jam | title= Chief commander of Imperial Army| years=1971–1978| after= Abbas Gharabaghi}}{{s-end}}{{IranPMs}}{{Chiefs-of-Staff of the Imperial Iranian Army}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Azhari, Gholam Reza}} 10 : 1917 births|2001 deaths|Prime Ministers of Iran|People from Shiraz|Recipients of the Legion of Merit|Iranian emigrants to the United States|People of the Iranian Revolution|Deaths from cancer in Virginia|Exiles of the Iranian Revolution in the United States|Imperial Iranian Armed Forces four-star generals |
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