| 词条 | Ghost bike |
| 释义 |
A ghost bike (also referred to as a ghostcycle or WhiteCycle) is a bicycle roadside memorial, placed where a cyclist has been killed or severely injured, usually by a motor vehicle.[1][2] Apart from being a memorial, it is usually intended as a reminder to passing motorists to share the road. Ghost bikes are usually junk bicycles painted white, sometimes with a placard attached, and locked to a suitable object close to the scene of the accident. They are also sometimes stripped of their tires, to deter theft. A ghost bike may also refer to a bike without a rider. By jumping off while the bicycle is in motion, it will continue to roll until falling over or hitting an object that stops it. This is the original ghost bike.{{fact|date=January 2019}} HistoryAccording to The Guardian, the first recorded ghost bike was in St. Louis, Missouri, in 2003. A witness to a collision between a cyclist and a car placed a painted bike at the location with a message that read: "Cyclist struck here.[3] The original idea of painting bikes white reportedly goes back to the city of Amsterdam in the 1960s as an anarchist project to liberate two-wheel transport—white bikes were free, help yourself and then leave it for someone else.[4] The ghost bike idea in the United States may have originated with a project by San Francisco artist Jo Slota, begun in April 2002. This was a purely artistic endeavor.[5] Slota was intrigued by the abandoned bicycles that he found around the city, locked up but stripped of useful parts. He began painting them white, and posted photographs on his website, ghostbike.net.[6] San Francisco is one of the safer U.S. cities for bicyclists, but memorial ghost bikes sprang up there as elsewhere, changing perceptions of his project.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} A ghost bike memorial project was started in St. Louis in October 2003.[7] After observing a motorist strike a bicyclist in a bike lane on Holly Hills Boulevard, Patrick Van Der Tuin placed a white-painted bicycle on the spot with a hand-painted sign reading "Cyclist Struck Here". Noticing the effect that this had on motorists in the area, Van Der Tuin then enlisted the help of friends to place 15 more "ghost bikes" in prominent spots in the St. Louis area where cyclists had recently been hit by automobiles.[8] They used damaged bikes, in some cases deliberately damaged to create the desired mangled effect.[9] Similar projects began in Pittsburgh in 2004,[10] New York City,[11] Seattle in 2005,[12] Albuquerque, [13] and Toronto in 2006.[14] In August 2005, nearly 40 ghost bikes were placed throughout Seattle to draw awareness to locations of accidents, near-misses, and poor road conditions.[12] A ghost bike in Dupont Circle, Washington, D.C., commemorating a rider killed by a garbage truck in 2008, remained for a full year. When it was removed by city employees, friends of the rider replaced it with 22 ghost bikes, one on every lamppost.[15] London Ghostcycle was active in 2005 and 2006.[16] There have been similar projects in dozens of other cities worldwide. A bike memorial project[17] was recently started Durham, North Carolina to commemorate the death of two prominent cyclist[18] and bicycle safety advocates.[19] In late 2013 and early 2014, the Houston Ghost Bike Group has placed 47 ghost bikes to raise awareness during an especially deadly string of cycling accidents involving automobiles taking place in Houston, many of them hit and run. As of this posting, they are working on 13 more bikes to bring the list of deaths in recent years up to date.[20] There are currently over 630 ghost bikes that have since appeared in over 210 locations throughout the world. [21] No single entity governs the installation of all ghost bikes, and they are sometimes removed by those who dislike the practice.[22] See also
References1. ^Harper, Tom White 'ghost bikes' pay tribute to dead riders in danger spots across Britain Daily Mail, 1 October 2008 2. ^{{Citation | last =Sanders | first =Jacob Quinn | title =Ghost Bikes: Rough memorials honor cyclists killed while riding | newspaper =post-gazette | date =1 December 2010| url =http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/10335/1107199-51.stm | accessdate =1 December 2010}} 3. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/nov/10/ghost-bikes-memorials-cycling-victims | title=Ghost bikes: memorials to road victims blamed for putting people off cycling |work=The Guardian | date=10 November 2011 | accessdate=24 November 2011 | author=Walker, Peter}} 4. ^{{cite book |title=One Less Car: Bicycling and the Politics of Automobility |url=http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/1899_reg.html |last=Furness |first=Zack |year=2010 |publisher=Temple University Press |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-1-59213-613-1 |pages=55–59}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.momentumplanet.com/features/ghost-bikes |title=Ghost Bikes |author=Terry Lowe |work=Momentum Planet |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612115451/http://www.momentumplanet.com/features/ghost-bikes |archivedate=12 June 2009 |accessdate=23 May 2011}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ghostbike.net/ |title=Jo Slota's website |publisher=Ghostbike.net |accessdate=25 April 2012}} 7. ^Fagan, Mark Friends seek ghost bike memorial for hit-and-run victim Lawrence Journal-World 25 October 2009 8. ^Roadside displays focus on plight of bicyclists, Greg Jonsson, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 17 November 2003; re-posted on Missouri Bicycle Federation website, 29 October 2007. 9. ^{{cite web |last=Twarowski |first=Christopher |url=http://jscms.jrn.columbia.edu/cns/2007-03-27/twarowski-ghostbikesunite |title=Ghostly bikes commemorate fallen cyclists, article at Columbia News Service |publisher=Jscms.jrn.columbia.edu |accessdate=25 April 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090819071007/http://jscms.jrn.columbia.edu/cns/2007-03-27/twarowski-ghostbikesunite |archivedate=19 August 2009 |df=dmy }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://pittsburgh.indymedia.org/news/2004/05/14196.php |title=Pittsburgh ghost bikes |publisher=Pittsburgh.indymedia.org |accessdate=25 April 2012}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://ghostbikes.org/new-york-city |title=New York Ghost Bikes |publisher=Ghostbikes.org |accessdate=25 April 2012}} 12. ^1 'Ghost bikes' offer eerie reminder to share the road, Seattle Post-Intelligencer 3 August 2005. 13. ^{{cite web|author=Created by gleejb View Groups |url=http://www.dukecityfix.com/group/albuquerqueansforghostbikes |title=Albuquerque ghost bikes |publisher=Dukecityfix.com |accessdate=25 April 2012}} 14. ^{{cite news |last1=O'Connor |first1=Josh |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2011/09/26/information-booth-where-did-those-ghostly-white-bikes-come-from/#more-96440 |title=Information Booth: Where did those ghostly white bikes come from? |work=National Post |date=26 September 2011 |accessdate=25 April 2012 |location=Toronto |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ZopM4wNb?url=http://news.nationalpost.com/toronto/information-booth-where-did-those-ghostly-white-bikes-come-from |archivedate=6 July 2015 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }} 15. ^{{Cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/10/AR2009091003213.html | title=Their Love Cannot Be Unchained: After 'Ghost Bike' Removal, Cyclists' Memorial Effort Intensifies | author=Ashley Halsey III |work=The Washington Post | date=11 September 2009 | accessdate=11 September 2009 }} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ghostbikes.org/london |title=London Ghost Bikes |publisher=Ghostbikes.org |date=9 January 2012 |accessdate=25 April 2012}} 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.newsobserver.com/2013/07/13/3027977/ghost-bike-memorial.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-07-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122015018/http://www.newsobserver.com/2013/07/13/3027977/ghost-bike-memorial.html |archivedate=22 November 2013 |df=dmy-all }} News & Observer Retrieved 14 July 2013 18. ^http://www.wral.com/pedestrian-killed-in-raleigh-crash/12406954/ 19. ^http://www.wral.com/bicyclist-killed-in-durham-hit-and-run/12639104/ Retrieved 13 July 2013 20. ^http://www.beaumontenterprise.com/news/article/Silsbee-cyclist-takes-on-mission-to-spread-ghost-5439365.php https://www.facebook.com/groups/HTXGhostBike/?fref=nf https://mapsengine.google.com/map/edit?mid=zSZ5jdlg3FEI.k1Elhip2Ncj0 21. ^http://ghostbikes.org/ 22. ^http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-map-chicago-ghost-bikes-20150513-htmlstory.html?update External links{{Commons category|Ghost bicycles}}
5 : Monument types|Death customs|Cycle types|Cycling safety|Cycling activism |
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