| 词条 | Gilbert Hitchcock |
| 释义 |
|name = Gilbert Hitchcock |image = Portrait of Gilbert Hitchcock.jpg |office = Chair of the Senate Democratic Caucus Acting |deputy = Peter G. Gerry |term_start = November 12, 1919 |term_end = April 27, 1920 |predecessor = Thomas S. Martin |successor = Oscar Underwood (Senate Democratic Leader) |jr/sr1 = United States Senator |state1 = Nebraska |term_start1 = March 4, 1911 |term_end1 = March 4, 1923 |predecessor1 = Elmer Burkett |successor1 = Robert B. Howell |state2 = Nebraska |district2 = {{ushr|NE|2|2nd}} |term_start2 = March 4, 1907 |term_end2 = March 4, 1911 |predecessor2 = John L. Kennedy |successor2 = Charles O. Lobeck |term_start3 = March 4, 1903 |term_end3 = March 4, 1905 |predecessor3 = David Henry Mercer |successor3 = John L. Kennedy |birth_name = Gilbert Monell Hitchcock |birth_date = {{birth date|1859|9|18}} |birth_place = Omaha, Nebraska, U.S. |death_date = {{death date and age|1934|2|3|1859|9|18}} |death_place = Washington, D.C., U.S. |restingplace = Forest Lawn Memorial Park |party = Democratic |spouse = {{marriage|Jessie Crounse|1883|1925|reason=her death}} {{marriage|Martha Harris|1927|1962|reason=her death}} |relatives = Lorenzo Crounse (Father-in-law) |education = University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (LLB) }}Gilbert Monell Hitchcock (September 18, 1859{{spaced ndash}}February 3, 1934) was an American congressman and U.S. Senator from Nebraska, and the founder of the Omaha World-Herald newspaper.[1] Life and careerBorn in Omaha, Nebraska, Hitchcock was the son of U.S. Senator Phineas Warren Hitchcock of Nebraska. He attended the public schools of Omaha and the gymnasium at Baden-Baden, Germany. He graduated in 1881 from the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where he was admitted to the Zeta Psi fraternity;[2] he was then admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Omaha in 1882. He continued the practice of law until 1885, when he established and edited the Omaha Evening World; four years later, he purchased the Nebraska Morning Herald and consolidated the two into the morning and evening editions of the Omaha World-Herald.[3] In 1883 he married Jessie Crounse, the daughter of Nebraska Supreme Court justice and future governor Lorenzo Crounse. In 1927 he married Martha Harris, of Memphis, TN. His family had traditionally been Republicans, but Gilbert broke tradition and became a Democrat in response to agricultural issues and the leadership of fellow Nebraskan William Jennings Bryan.[4] Hitchcock was an unsuccessful Democratic candidate for the Congress in 1898; four years later, he was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1905). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1904 to the Fifty-ninth Congress. Hitchcock was elected as a Democrat to the Sixtieth and Sixty-first Congresses (March 4, 1907 – March 3, 1911). He did not seek renomination in 1910, having become a candidate for the United States Senate. Hitchcock was elected as a Democrat to the Senate by the legislature on January 18, 1911; he was reelected (by direct election) in 1916 and served from March 4, 1911, to March 3, 1923. During his two terms, he was the chairman of the Committee on the Philippines (Sixty-third through Sixty-fifth Congresses), the Committee on Foreign Relations (a portion of the Sixty-fifth Congress), and the Committee on Forest Reservations and Game Protection (Sixty-sixth Congress). As Chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leading advocate of the League of Nations [4] and the Treaty of Versailles.[5] Hitchcock was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1922 and for election in 1930. After the end of his Senate service, he resumed newspaper work in Omaha. He retired from active business in 1933 and moved to Washington, D.C., where he died on February 3, 1934.[1] He was interred in Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Omaha. Gilbert M. Hitchcock Elementary School and Hitchcock Park in Omaha were named in his honor.[6] The newspaper was then led by his son-in-law Henry Doorly, husband of Hitchcock's daughter Margaret. Collections of Senator Hitchcock's papers are housed at the Library of Congress and Nebraska State Historical Society.[7][8] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=W19OAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Uy0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4646%2C789180 |newspaper=Kentucky New Era |location=Hopkinsville |agency=Associated Press |title=Nebraska Democrat dies in Washington |date=February 3, 1934 |page=1 }} 2. ^Baird, William Raymond (1915). Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities, pp.349-355 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://nebnewspapers.unl.edu/nebraska_publishing/|title=Early Nebraska Journalists|last=Walter|first=Katherine|date=|website=Nebraska Newspapers|publisher=University of Nebraska-Lincoln|access-date=}} 4. ^1 {{Cite web |url= http://www.answers.com/topic/gilbert-hitchcock |title=Biography: Gilbert Monell Hitchcock |accessdate=2009-10-15}} 5. ^{{Cite web |url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Gilbert+Hitchcock |title=Hitchcock, Gilbert Monell |accessdate=2009-10-15}} 6. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.ops.org/district/HOME/AboutOPS/tabid/196/Default.aspx |title=Omaha Public Schools |accessdate=2009-10-15 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323131927/http://www.ops.org/district/HOME/AboutOPS/tabid/196/Default.aspx |archivedate=2009-03-23 |df= }} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/mm78026088/|title=Gilbert M. Hitchcock papers, 1910-1935|last=|first=|date=|website=Library of Congress|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://history.nebraska.gov/collections/gilbert-monell-hitchcock-1859-1934-rg3640am|title=Gilbert Monell Hitchcock, 1859-1934 [RG3640.AM]|last=|first=|date=|website=History Nebraska|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} Further reading
External links{{CongBio|H000645}}
from Nebraska's 2nd congressional district|years=1903–1905}}{{s-aft|after=John L. Kennedy}} |-{{s-bef|before=John L. Kennedy}}{{s-ttl|title=Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Nebraska's 2nd congressional district|years=1907–1911}}{{s-aft|after=Charles O. Lobeck}} |-{{s-par|us-sen}}{{s-bef|before=Elmer Burkett}}{{s-ttl|title=U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Nebraska|years=1911–1923|alongside=Norris Brown, George W. Norris}}{{s-aft|after=Robert B. Howell}} |-{{s-bef|before=Simon Guggenheim}}{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the Senate Philippines Committee|years=1913–1918}}{{s-aft|after=John F. Shafroth}} |-{{s-bef|before=William J. Stone}}{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee|years=1918–1919}}{{s-aft|after=Henry Cabot Lodge}} |-{{s-bef|before=George P. McLean}}{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the Senate Forest Reservations Committee|years=1919–1921}}{{s-non|reason=Position abolished}} |-{{s-ppo}}{{s-new|first}}{{s-ttl|title=Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from Nebraska (Class 1)|years=1918, 1922}}{{s-aft|after=Richard Lee Metcalfe}} |-{{s-bef|before=Thomas S. Martin}}{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the Senate Democratic Caucus (Acting)|years=1919–1920}}{{s-aft|after=Oscar Underwood|as=Senate Democratic Leader}}{{s-end}}{{USSenNE}}{{SenForeignRelationsCommitteeChairmen}}{{NebraskaUSRepresentatives}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hitchcock, Gilbert}} 18 : 1859 births|1934 deaths|20th-century American politicians|American company founders|American newspaper editors|American newspaper publishers (people)|Democratic Party United States Senators|Businesspeople from Omaha, Nebraska|Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives|Lawyers from Omaha, Nebraska|Members of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska|Nebraska Democrats|Newspaper founders|Newspaper people from Omaha, Nebraska|Politicians from Omaha, Nebraska|1920 United States presidential candidates|United States Senators from Nebraska|University of Michigan Law School alumni |
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