| 词条 | Glandularia |
| 释义 |
| image = Glandularia bipinnatifida 2004-08-22.jpg | image_caption = Glandularia bipinnatifida | taxon = Glandularia | authority = J.F.Gmel. | type_species = Glandularia carolinensis | type_species_authority = J.F.Gmel. }} Glandularia, common name mock vervain or mock verbena, is a genus of annual and perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the family Verbenaceae. They are native to the Americas. Glandularia species are closely related to the true vervains[1] and sometimes still included with them in Verbena. Horizontal chloroplast transfer occurred at least twice and possibly three times between these genera, which are otherwise too distinct to warrant unification. The discovery of the signal in the chloroplast genome was announced in 2008 by researchers from the University of Washington. Somehow, chloroplasts from V. orcuttiana, swamp verbena (V. hastata) or a close relative of these had admixed into the G. bipinnatifida genome. Although hybridization runs rampant in the true and mock vervains – the ancestors of the well-known garden vervain are quite obscure{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} – it does not seem to have been the cause of the cross-species gene transfer.[2]In addition, the researchers discovered the signal of one more transfer event. This had introduced chloroplasts from an ancestral member of the Verbena lineage nowadays found in South America into Glandularia. Although all members of the present genus can be distinguished to have a chromosome count of five, the South American species are diploid, while polyploid hybrid Glandularia are very widespread from northern Central America northwards. The second genetic introgression must have occurred before the genus spread north, as species with the Verbena-like chloroplasts are found all over the Americas. Since the new chloroplast genes replaced the old ones, it may be that the possibly hybridogenic G. bipinnatifida actually underwent horizontal chloroplast transfer twice in its evolutionary history.[2] CultivationA large number of cultivars, in shades of white, pink, blue and purple, have been developed for garden use, and are particularly suitable for containers - window-boxes and hanging baskets. Though tender perennials, they are usually grown in temperate areas as half-hardy annuals (sown under glass), or sold as young plants for planting out after the danger of frost has passed. They are still widely referenced in the British horticulture trade as Verbena. The following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit:-[3]
SpeciesThe following species are recognised by The Plant List:[10] {{div col|colwidth=30em}}
References1. ^{{cite journal|authors=Silvia M. Botta, Susana Martinez & Maria E. Mulgura de Romero |year=1995 |title=Novedades nomenclaturales en Verbenaceae |trans-title=Nomenclatural novelties in Verbenaceae |journal=Hickenia |volume=2 |pages=127–128 |url=http://www.darwin.edu.ar/Vol2/h2_28.htm |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002165730/http://www.darwin.edu.ar/Vol2/h2_28.htm |archivedate=2015-10-02 |df= }} 2. ^1 {{cite journal |authors=Yao-Wu Yuan & Richard G. Olmstead |year=2008 |title=A species-level phylogenetic study of the Verbena complex (Verbenaceae) indicates two independent intergeneric chloroplast transfers |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=23–33 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2008.04.004 |pmid=18495498}} 3. ^{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 43 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | accessdate = 2 March 2018}} 4. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/353879/i-Glandularia-i-Claret/Details| title = RHS Plantfinder - Glandularia ‘Claret’ | accessdate = 2 March 2018}} 5. ^{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/354247/i-Glandularia-i-Font-Face-times-New-Roman-Donalena-Lavender-Grace-FONT-(Donalena-Series)/Details| title = RHS Plantfinder - Glandularia Donalena Lavender Grace (Donalena Series) | accessdate=3 March 2018}} 6. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/353900/i-Glandularia-i-Quartz-Series/Details| title = RHS Plantfinder - Glandularia Quartz Series | accessdate = 2 March 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/353904/i-Glandularia-i-Silver-Anne/Details| title = RHS Plantfinder - Glandularia ‘Silver Anne’ | accessdate = 2 March 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/353905/i-Glandularia-i-Sissinghurst/Details| title = RHS Plantfinder - Glandularia ‘Sissinghurst’ | accessdate = 2 March 2018}} 9. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/354232/i-Glandularia-canadensis-i-Toronto/Details| title = RHS Plantfinder - Glandularia canadensis ‘Toronto’ | accessdate = 2 March 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Verbenaceae/Glandularia/ |title=Glandularia |publisher=The Plant List |accessdate=16 February 2016}} External links
2 : Verbenaceae|Lamiales genera |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。