| 词条 | Global Language Monitor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Global Language Monitor |logo = |type = Media Analytics |foundation = {{start date|1999||}} |founder = Paul JJ Payack [https://www.amazon.com/Paul-JJ-Payack/e/B0036B2W8S] |location_city = Headquarters: Austin, Texas |location_country = United States |industry = High Technology |products = Olympics and World Cup Brand and Ambush Marketing Analyses, annual Top 55 Global Fashion Capitals, annual TrendTopper MediaBuzz College Guide, Annual Top Words, Phrases, and Names of the Year (for Global English), annual Top Business Buzzwords, Top Political Buzzwords, Top Politically(in)Correct Words |homepage = {{URL|1=http://www.languagemonitor.com/}} }} The Global Language Monitor (GLM) is an Austin, Texas-based company that collectively documents, analyzes, and tracks trends in language usage worldwide, with a particular emphasis upon the English language. It is particularly known for its Word of the Year,[1] political analysis,[2][3] college and university rankings,[4] High Tech buzzwords,[5][6] and media analytics.[7] {{TOC limit|3}}HistoryFounded in Silicon Valley in 2003 by Paul J.J. Payack, the GLM describes its role as "a media analytics company that documents, analyzes and tracks cultural trends in language the world over, with a particular emphasis upon Global English". GLM's main services include various products based on the Narrative Tracker technologies for global Internet and social media analysis. NarrativeTracker is based on global discourse, providing a real-time, accurate picture about any topic, at any point in time. NarrativeTracker analyzes the Internet, blogosphere, the top 275,000 print and electronic global media, as well as new social media sources as they emerge.[8] In April 2008, GLM moved its headquarters from San Diego to Austin.[9] GLM announced "Emoji" as its Top Word of 2014 for Global English along with its complete lists of Top Words, Phrases and Names in December 2014.[10] Earlier in 2015 GLM has released:
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}}{{div col end}} Previous Words, Phrases & Names of the Year
Top Words: No. 1 The Heart ♥ Emoji (for love), No. 2 Hashtag, No. 3 Vape Top Phrases: No. 1 Hands Up, Don’t Shoot; No. 2 Cosmic Inflation, No. 3 Global Warming Top Names: No. 1 Ebola, No. 2 Pope Francis, No. 3 World War I
Top Words: No. 1 ‘404’, No.2 Fail, No.3 Hashtag Top Phrases: No. 1 Toxic Politics, No. 2 Federal Shutdown, No.3 Global Warming/Climate Change Top Names: No. 1. Pope Francis, No. 2 ObamaCare, No.3 NSA
Top Words: No. 1 ApocalypseArmageddon, No.2 Deficit, No. 3 Olympiad Top Phrases: No. 1 Gangnam Style, No. 2 Climate Change/Global Warming, No. 3 Fiscal Cliff Top Names: No. 1 Newtown and Malala Yousafzai, No. 3 Xi Jinping
Top Words: No. 1 Occupy, No.2 Fracking, No.3 Drone Top Phrases: No. 1 Arab Spring, No. 2 Royal Wedding, No.3 Anger and Rage Top Names: No. 1 Steve Jobs, No. 2 Osama bin-laden and Seal Team Six, No.3 Fukushim
Top Words: No. 1 Occupy, No.2 Fracking, No.3 Drone Top Phrases: No. 1 Anger and Rage, No. 2 Climate Change, No. 3 The Great Recession Top Names: No. 1 Hu Jintao, paramount leader of China, No. 2 iPad, No. 3 Barack Obama
Top Words: No. 1: Twitter, No. 2: Obama, No. 3: H1N1 Top Phrases: No. 1: King of Pop, No. 2: Obama-mania, No. 3: Climate Change Top Names: No. 1: Obama, No. 2: Michael Jackson, No. 3: Mobama
Top Words: No. 1: Change, No. 2: Bailout, No. 3: Obama-mania Top Phrases: No. 1: Financial Tsunami, No. 2: Global Warming, No. 3: "Yes, We Can!" Top Names: No. 1: Barack Obama, No. 2: George W. Bush, No. 3: Michael Phelps
Top Words: No. 1 Hybrid (representing all things green), No. 2: Surge Top Phrase: Climate Change Top Name: Al Gore
Top Word: Sustainable Top Phrase: Stay the Course Top Name: Darfur
Top Words: No. 1, Refugee, No. 2: Tsunami, No. 3: Katrina Top Phrase: Outside the Mainstream Top Name: (acts of) God
Top Word: Incivility (for inCivil War) Top Phrase: Red States/Blue States, No. 2: Rush to War Top Name: Dubya/Rove
Top Word: Embedded Top Phrase: Shock and Awe, No. 2: Rush to War Top Name: Saddam Hussein, No. 2: Dubya
Top Word: Misunderestimate Top Phrase: Threat Fatigue Top Name: W (Dubya)
Top Word: Ground Zero Top Phrase: ‘Lets Roll’ Top Name: The Heros
Top Word: Chad Top Phrase: Dot.com Top Name: W (Dubya) Top Words, Stories, Phrases and Names of the DecadeThe Top Words of the Decade from 2000 to 2009 were headed by Global Warming.[15] The Top Words of the Decade from 2000–2009Word / Year / Comments
Rank/News Story/Comment
Word/Year/Comments
Annual fashion capital rankingsAn annual ranking of the leading fashion capitals is produced by Global Language Monitor, a US-based company that tracks trends through language use worldwide. The 2017 top-sixty three fashion capitals, according to its rankings, are listed below.[16]
Commentary from Global Language Monitor About the 2017 edition of its annual fashion capital rankingsThe current 2017 rankings now include 63 fashion capitals. There are three new fashion capitals from West Africa: Accra, Ghana; Dakar, Senegal; and Lagos, Nigeria. There is one new fashion capital from East Asia: Kuala Lumpur. There is one new fashion capital from the Middle East: Beirut, Lebanon. Before the various insurgencies in the region, Beirut was known as the Paris of the Middle East. There are two new fashion capitals from North America: Portland, Oregon known for its ‘weird’ culture, much like Austin, Texas and Columbus, Ohio known in the fashion world as the manufacturing headquarters of Henri Bendel, Victoria’s Secret, the Bath & Body Works, Abercrombie & Fitch (A&F), and others. Commentary from Global Language Monitor individual cities in the 2017 editionNo. 3 Barcelona — Moving into Big Four Territory is Big News by definition. No. 4 Milano — Reclaiming its Big Four status; hmm, perhaps all that re-thinking and revamping just might be having an impact (we’ll see in 2018). No. 6 London — Had a great run earlier in the decade, but not so great lately (If you consider the No. 6 spot not so great). No. 7 Amsterdam — Moving up 15 spots is quite a move. No. 9 Vegas — Back in the Top Ten, more evidence that the Red Carpet experience does indeed have an impact. No. 10 Dubai — More evidence that billions of dollars Do, indeed, have an impact. No. 17 Seoul — Finally making the move in Asia, not No. 1, but a respectable No. 3 regionally. No. 21 Washington, DC — A move into respectability!? No. 28 Melbourne and No. 34 Sydney — Trading Places No. 44 Portland, OR — A very nice debut. No. 47 Kuala Lumpur — Another solid debut. No. 46 Boston, No. 48 Miami, No.53 Chicago, No. 54 Houston, and No. 59 Toronto — All down by twenty spots, or more. No. 63 Caracas — On Hiatus due to Insurrection. Methodology: For this analysis, the Global Language Monitor used its proprietary Brand Affiliation Index (BAI), the same technology used to measure global brand equity for the Olympics, World Cup, the Fortune 500, and others. This exclusive, GLM longitudinal-study encompasses the prior three years to better assess short-term velocity and longer-term momentum. The study is a Big Data textual analysis based on billions of webpages, millions of blogs, the top 375,000 global print and electronic media, and new social media formats as they appear. This is the eleventh edition of the survey, which was first made public in 2007. High tech termsOn March 29, 2013 announced The Most Confusing High Tech Buzzwords of the Second Decade of the 21st century, thus far (2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013) with commentary follow: 2013 Rank, Buzzword, Last Year’s rank
The study was released in conjunction with Austin's South by Southwest Interactive festival. On March 17, 2010, the Global Language Monitor presented the Most Confusing High Tech Buzzwords of the first decade of the 21st century (2000–2009).[17]
On November 19, 2008 Global Language Monitor announced the most confusing yet frequently cited high tech buzzwords of 2008 to be cloud computing, green washing, and buzzword compliant followed by resonate, de-duping, and virtualization. Rounding out the Top Ten were Web 2.0, versioning, word clouds, and petaflop. The most confusing Acronym for 2008 was SaaS (software as a service). On 14 October 2007 GLM released a list of the most confusing high tech terms and buzzwords. The words included: iPod, flash, cookie, nano and kernel, followed by megahertz, cell(as in cell phone), plasma, de-duplicationand Blu-Ray. Other terms being tracked included terabyte, memory, core, and head crash. The most confusing acronym was found to be SOA, for service-oriented architecture, an acronym which IBM published a book about.[18] The studies were released each year on the anniversary of the cookie, the invention that made the World Wide Web practical for widespread surfing, communication, and e-commerce.[19] Counting English wordsGLM announced the 1,000,000th English word on June 10, 2009.[20] This controversial exercise was widely covered in the global media.[21][22] The count itself was widely criticized by a number of prominent members of the linguistic community, including Geoffrey Nunberg,[23] and Jesse Sheidlower[24] and Benjamin Zimmer.[25] on the grounds that since there is no generally accepted definition of a word, there can never be a definitive count.[24][25][26] The finalists, which met the criteria of a minimum of 25,000 citations with the necessary breadth of geographic distribution and depth of citations, were: 1. Web 2.0. 2. Jai Ho! 3. N00b. 4. Slumdog. 5. Cloud computing. 6. Carbon Neutral. 7. Slow Food. 8. Octomom. 9. Greenwashing. 10. Sexting. 11. Shovel ready. 12. Defriend. 13. Chengguan. 14. Recessionista. 15. Zombie Banks.[27] Critics noted that the target date had been changed a number of times from late in 2006 to early in 2009.[28][29][30][31][32][33] It was also criticized on grounds that a count is impossible because "word" is not a scientifically valid concept. Google addressed this situation by counting the words in the 15 million scanned texts in their corpus.[34] Global Language Monitor states the general criteria for inclusion on its site, maintaining that it is simply updating the established criteria for printed dictionaries beginning with the works of Samuel Johnson and Noah Webster.[35] The New York Times quoted Paul JJ Payack as saying that the PQI is "an algorithm that tracks words and phrases in the media and on the Internet in relation to frequency, context and appearance in global media. It is a weighted index that takes into account year-to-year increases and acceleration in the last several months".[36] In general terms, GLM describes its Predictive Quantities Indicator (PQI), used to run its analytics on global language trends and, as a weighted index, factoring in long-term trends, short-term changes, momentum and velocity, using frequency data on words and phrases in the global print and electronic media, on the Internet, and throughout the blogosphere, as well as in proprietary databases (Factiva, Lexis-Nexis, etc.). It can also create "signals" that can be used in a variety of applications.[37] Obama an English language wordOn 20 February 2008 GLM announced that the latest word to enter the English language was "obama", derived from Barack Obama, in its many variations. GLM described Obama- as a "root" for words including obamanomics, obamican, obamamentum, obamacize, obamarama, obamaNation, Obamafy, obamamania and obamacam.[38] GLM announced it to be an accepted word, once it met the group's published criteria: a minimum of 25,000 citations in the global media, as well as achieving the necessary 'breadth' and 'depth' of citations.[39] Top US Colleges and University RankingsThe Global Language Monitor publishes other lists relating to the English language including: the TrendTopper MediaBuzz College Guide rankings of the top 425 U.S. colleges and universities according to their internet brand equity.[40] Top Universities (January 2016): Rank/University/Previous Ranking Top Universities Last
Top 50 US Colleges by TrendTopper MediaBuzz 2016Rank/College/Previous Ranking
Top US Colleges by Category
and 15 Top All-Time Bushisms, and many others.[41] References1. ^[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/14/AR2010111403185.html Spillcam, vuvuzela are top words of 2010] 2. ^{{cite news|last=Kristof |first=Nicholas |url=http://kristof.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/10/17/obama-the-intellectual/?scp=9&sq=global%20language%20monitor&st=cse |title=Obama the Intellectual |publisher=Kristof.blogs.nytimes.com |date=2008-10-17 |accessdate=2009-10-19}} 3. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/09/opinion/09iht-edkristof.1.17655955.html?_r=1 Nicholas D. Kristof: Obama and the war on brains] 4. ^{{cite web|author=ANITA B. HOFSCHNEIDER Contributing Writer |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=524332 |title=Media Fixates on Harvard |publisher=Thecrimson.com |date= |accessdate=2009-10-19}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/ed20050424a1.html |title=Bamboozled By Buzzwords |publisher=Search.japantimes.co.jp |date=2005-04-24 |accessdate=2009-10-19}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.networkworld.com/community/node/6854 |title=10 Most Confusing High Tech Buzzwords |publisher=Networkworld.com |date= |accessdate=2009-10-19}} 7. ^[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/michael-jackson/5787256/Michael-Jacksons-death-second-biggest-story-of-century.html Michael Jackson's Death Second Biggest Story of the Century] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090712121310/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/michael-jackson/5787256/Michael-Jacksons-death-second-biggest-story-of-century.html |date=July 12, 2009 }} 8. ^{{cite web|work=The Times |location= London |url=http://www.languagemonitor.com |title=Global Language Monitor |publisher=Languagemonitor.com |date=2009-03-25 |accessdate=2009-10-19}} 9. ^ / Finally, California sends a business we can support 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.languagemonitor.com/category/top-words-2/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-11-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120821185308/http://www.languagemonitor.com/category/top-words-2/ |archivedate=2012-08-21 |df= }} 11. ^ 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.languagemonitor.com/global-english/the-top-words-of-the-year-a-d-2115/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-11-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120120224/http://www.languagemonitor.com/global-english/the-top-words-of-the-year-a-d-2115/ |archivedate=2015-11-20 |df= }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.languagemonitor.com/global-english/re-federalised-united-states-of-america-a-d-2014/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-11-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120120442/http://www.languagemonitor.com/global-english/re-federalised-united-states-of-america-a-d-2014/ |archivedate=2015-11-20 |df= }} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.languagemonitor.com/global-english/the-top-trending-words-of-2015-beast-mode-for-convenience-thugs/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-11-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121051556/http://www.languagemonitor.com/global-english/the-top-trending-words-of-2015-beast-mode-for-convenience-thugs/ |archivedate=2015-11-21 |df= }} 15. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/11/19/top-words-of-the-decade-2_n_363554.html | work=Huffington Post | first=Katherine | last=Goldstein | title=Top Words Of The Decade 2000-2009: Most Popular Words | date=2009-11-19}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.languagemonitor.com/fashion-capitals/new-york-bests-paris-for-2017-top-global-fashion-capital-title/|title=New York Bests Paris for 2017 Top Global Fashion Capital Title |publisher=Languagemonitor.com |date= |accessdate=11 September 2017}} 17. ^url=http://www.baselinemag.com/c/a/Business-Intelligence/Most-Confusing-Tech-Buzzwords-824874/ Most Confusing Tech Buzzwords 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://blogs.zdnet.com/service-oriented/?p=996 |title=Hooray! ‘SOA’ voted most ‘confusing acronym of the year’ | Service-Oriented Architecture | ZDNet.com |publisher=Blogs.zdnet.com |date=2007-11-05 |accessdate=2009-10-19}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=2968.php |title=The Global Language Monitor releases global study of top 10 most confusing yet widely used high tech buzzwords for 2007 |publisher=Nanowerk.com |date=2007-10-17 |accessdate=2009-10-19}} 20. ^{{cite news|author= John D. Sutter CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/TECH/06/10/million.words/index.html#cnnSTCOther1 |title='English gets millionth word on Wednesday, site says' |publisher=Edition.cnn.com |date=2009-06-10 |accessdate=2009-10-19}} 21. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/5454273/1000000-words.html | work=The Daily Telegraph | location=London | title=1,000,000 Words! | first=Simon | last=Winchester | date=2009-06-06 | accessdate=2010-05-03}} 22. ^Millionth English word' declared' 23. ^[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyID=5390581 Enumerating English], Geoffrey Nunberg, NPR 24. ^1 Word Count, Jesse Sheidlower, Slate, April 10, 2006 25. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=972 |title=Language Log » The "million word" hoax rolls along |publisher=Languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu |date= |accessdate=2009-10-19}} 26. ^[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyID=5390581 Enumerating English], 27. ^‘One millionth English word’ is ‘Web 2.0’ {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614054154/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/world/view/20090612-210061/One-millionth-English-word-is-Web-20 |date=2009-06-14 }}, Philippine Daily Inquirer, June 12, 2009 28. ^{{cite news|first=John|last=Harlow|title=Chinglish – it's a word in a million|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article726906.ece|work=The Sunday Times|date=2006-02-05|accessdate=2009-01-14|quote=According to Payack, the one millionth word is likely to be formed this summer | location=London}} 29. ^{{cite news|first=Ben|last=Macintyre|title=We're all speaking Geek|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/ben_macintyre/article606196.ece|work=The Times|date=2006-08-11|accessdate=2009-01-14|quote=According to Paul Payack, who runs the Global Language Monitor, there are currently 988,974 words in the English language, with thousands more emerging every month. By his calculation, English will adopt its one millionth word in late November. | location=London}} 30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.kensingtonbooks.com/finditem.cfm?itemid=11244 |title=From Babel to Babble . . . Everyone is Speaking English |accessdate=2009-01-14 |publisher=Kensington books |quote=in the spring of 2007, the English word count surpassed a million—over ten times the number available in French. At the crest of this linguistic tsunami surfs Paul J.J. Payack, aka the WordMan. As president of the Global Language Monitor |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504183700/http://www.kensingtonbooks.com/finditem.cfm?itemid=11244 |archivedate=2009-05-04 |df= }} 31. ^{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_pwwi/is_200805/ai_n25368946%0D|title="A Million Words and Counting" How Global English Is Rewriting the World|accessdate=2009-01-14|date=May 2008|publisher=Market Wire|quote=according to author Paul J.J. Payack, the founding president of the Global Language Monitor ( www.LanguageMonitor.com ), English will adopt its millionth word in 2008}} {{Dead link|date=August 2010|bot=RjwilmsiBot}} 32. ^{{cite news|last=Walker|first=Ruth|title=Save the date: English nears a milestone|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2009/0102/p18s01-hfes.html|work=The Christian Science Monitor|date=2009-01-02|accessdate=2009-01-14|quote=It's April 29, 2009 – plus or minus a few days. That is when the English language is expected to acquire its millionth word. This prediction comes from Global Language Monitor, an organization in Austin, Texas}} 33. ^"English gets millionth word on Wednesday, site says", CNN 34. ^ , Discover 35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.languagemonitor.com/paul-jj-payack/frequently-asked-questions/ |title=GLM Criteria |publisher=Languagemonitor.com |date= |accessdate=2009-10-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919060303/http://www.languagemonitor.com/paul-jj-payack/frequently-asked-questions/ |archivedate=2012-09-19 |df= }} 36. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/29/realestate/29cov.html The Power of Words] 37. ^The Predictive Quantities Indicator (PQI), GLM website 38. ^[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1579436/English-language-is-Barack-%27Obamafied%27.html English language is Barack 'Obamafied'], Catherine Elsworth, Los Angeles, Telegraph.co.uk, 26 Feb 2008 39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.languagemonitor.com/predictive-quantities-indicator/pqi// |title='PQI' |publisher=Languagemonitor.com |date= |accessdate=2009-10-19}} 40. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.languagemonitor.com/category/top-colleges/ |title=Trendtopper MediaBuzz 2016 University Rankings |access-date=2014-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811175548/http://www.languagemonitor.com/category/top-colleges/ |archive-date=2014-08-11 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 41. ^The Morning File: To find the Word of the Year, follow the money, Gary Rottstein, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, January 12, 2009 External links
5 : Companies based in Austin, Texas|Human communication|Companies established in 2003|Corpus linguistics|Linguistic research institutes |
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