词条 | Glossary of baseball (O) |
释义 |
Oobstruction{{Main|Obstruction (baseball)}}When a fielder illegally hinders a baserunner, the fielder is guilty of obstruction. The only time a fielder need not "get out of the way" of a baserunner is when the fielder is fielding or in possession of the ball. OBP{{Main|On-base percentage}}See on-base percentage. O-ferA batter who goes hitless in a game, as in "0 for 4" (spoken as "oh for four"). Also wears the collar. official game{{Main|Official game}}A game that can be considered complete. If more than half the game has been played before being called by an umpire, it is considered "official" and all records from the game are computed in the players' and teams' statistics. For a 9-inning game, five innings need to be played, or four-and-a-half if the home team is in the lead. A game that cannot be considered complete can either be suspended or replayed from the first inning. official scorer{{Main|Official scorer}}The official scorer is a person appointed by the league to record the events on the field and to send this official record to the league offices.[1] The official scorer never goes on the field during a game (but typically watches from the press box). The official scorer's judgments do not affect the progress or outcome of the game but they do affect game and player statistics. For example, only umpires call balls and strikes, whether a batted ball is fair or foul, whether a hit is a home run, and whether runners are safe or out. But it's the official scorer who determines whether a pitch that gets by the catcher is a wild pitch or a passed ball or whether a batted ball is a hit or an error (or a combination of the two), and who gets credited with an error, put-out, or assist. off-day
off-speed pitch{{Main|Off-speed pitch}}A pitch that is significantly slower than a given pitcher's fastball. Typically, a curveball or a change-up. off the hookWhen a team that is behind ties the game or takes the lead, the pitcher who would otherwise have been credited with the loss is said to be "off the hook". off the trademarkWhen a player hits the ball off the middle of the bat, where the manufacturer's trademark is usually placed, resulting in a weakly hit ball. Usually the result of a pitcher jamming the hitter. OFPOverall Future Potential (OFP) is a scouting assessment of a young player's potential as a future major leaguer, scored from 20 to 80. The criteria are different for pitchers and position players. See also tools. Ol’ Number OneThe fastball. From the sign the catcher gives for that pitch. Olympic RingsWhen a batter strikes out five times in a game. This same dubious achievement may also merit a Platinum Sombrero. on a lineWhen an outfielder throws the ball directly to an infielder or the catcher without relaying it or bouncing it, he's said to "throw the ball on a line". Usually used when a strong throw beats the runner and gets him out. "Jack Barry, however, made a running stab to grab the ball and threw on a line to McInnis for an out."[2] On-base percentage (OBP){{Main|On-base percentage}}Percentage of plate appearances where a batter reaches base for any reason other than an error or a fielder's choice. on-deck{{Main|On deck}}The next batter due to bat after the current batter. The area designated for the on-deck batter is a circle 5 feet (1.5 m) in diameter, officially called the "next batter's box" and commonly called the "on-deck circle". Ironically, the on-deck batter rarely stands in the on-deck circle. on his horseRunning at full speed, especially in reference to an outfielder tracking down a fly ball. on the black
on the boardA team is "on the board" (i.e., the scoreboard) when it has scored one or more runs. "After being shut out for 6 innings, the Sox are finally on the board." White Sox announcer Hawk Harrelson also uses the phrase as part of his home run call: "You can put it on the booooard... YES!" on the farmWhen a player is playing in the minor leagues, he is said to be spending time "on the farm". It refers to a team's farm system. on the interstateA player batting between .100 and .199 is said to be "on the interstate". The term refers to the fact that a batting average in the .100s can resemble an interstate name (e.g. .195 resembles I-95), especially on older scoreboards where the numeral "1" appears identical to the uppercase letter "I" (with no serifs). A hit to put an average above .200 gets a batter "off the interstate." A batter whose average is below .100 is sometimes said to be "off the map". See also Mendoza line. Players in the majors who spend too much time "on the interstate" will most likely be demoted to AAA for seasoning. on the ropesWhen a pitcher appears to be tired or lost command of his pitches, he may be said to be "on the ropes" and about to be replaced by another player. The term likely derives from the sport of boxing, in which a fighter who is being beaten up or dominated by his opponent may lean against the ropes to keep from falling to the mat. on the rugA player is said to be "on the rug" while playing a ball in the outfield on artificial turf. on the throw
one-game wonderA player who appears in just one major league game, plays respectably, and then is either demoted to the bench or the minor leagues. one-hitterA game in which one team was limited to one hit, a great feat for a pitcher. Batters may have reached base via walks, errors, or being hit by a pitch. See also no-hitter and perfect game. one-two-three inningSide retired in order. Three up, three down. opener{{main|Opener (baseball)}}A traditional relief pitcher who starts a game for strategic reasons and is replaced early in the game, usually after the first inning, by a pitcher who is expected to last as many innings as a true starter.[3] opposite field hitA hit to the "opposite" side of the field from the direction of a player's natural swing, i.e., a left-handed batter who hits to left field or a right-handed batter who hits to right field. Also known as going the other way. See pull hitter. OPS (On-base Plus Slugging){{Main|On-base plus slugging}}A term recently invented by statheads to measure of a batter's ability to produce runs. Obtained by adding slugging average and on-base percentage. ordinary effortDefined in MLB Rule 2 as "the effort that a fielder of average skill at a position in that league or classification of leagues should exhibit on a play, with due consideration given to the condition of the field and weather conditions." A defensive player's ordinary effort is considered by the official scorer in making certain judgment calls, such as errors, wild pitches, the infield fly rule, etc. out pitchThe type of pitch that a pitcher relies on to get a batter out. This is often the pitcher's best pitch. Headline: "Angels Notebook: Rodriguez embraces change as out pitch".[4] outfielder{{Main|Outfielder}}An outfielder is a player whose position is either left field, center field, or right field. See position. outside cornerThe location of a strike that travels over the far edge of home plate from the batter. overpower the hitterTo throw a pitch that is so fast the batter cannot catch up to it with his swing. "And eight runs were more than enough offense to back Wolfe, as he continually overpowered hitters with his blazing fastball. Santa Clara hitters just couldn't catch up to it.[5] overshift (sic)A baseball vernacular term synonymous with "shift", either an infield or outfield shift. The fielders shift to occupy the areas a particular batter typically hits, or is thought to typically hit the ball. overthrow
References1. ^Before 1980 this person was typically a local sportswriter; beginning in 1980 the League hired "independent contractors" for the job. For an informative article, see David Vincent, "The Official Scorer", The Baseball Analysts, Aug. 18, 2005. On more recent changes see also David Laurila, "Scoring the Hits and Errors – Official Scorers in the Post-Season", BaseballProspectus.com, October 10, 2007. 2. ^Richard Adler, Mack, McGraw and the 1913 Baseball Season (2008), p. 258. 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/24884073/a-brief-history-bullpenning |title=A brief history of bullpenning |first=Sam |last=Miller |website=ESPN.com |date=October 4, 2018 |accessdate=October 4, 2018}} 4. ^{{cite web|author=Allan Steele |publisher=The Press-Enterprise |url=http://www.pe.com/sports/baseball/breakout/stories/PE_Sports_Local_S_angels_notes_30.4635a28.html |title=Angels Notebook: Rodriguez embraces change as out pitch | Sports | Baseball | PE.com | Southern California News | News for Inland Southern California |date=2008-06-29 |accessdate=2010-06-29}} 5. ^[https://archive.is/20070613130711/http://www.paloaltodailynews.com/article/2007-7-14-0714-little Palo Alto Daily News] 6. ^{{cite web|author=KOZE-Sports.com |url=http://www.koze-sports.com/?p=135 |title=LCSC sweeps Corban to stretch win streak to 14 |publisher=Koze-sports.com |date=2008-03-15 |accessdate=2010-06-29}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.allbusiness.com/sports-recreation/sports-games-outdoor-recreation-baseball/12707823-1.html |title=Twins' Justin Morneau returns to Minnesota to see specialist about dizziness: First baseman to see specialist about dizziness | LexisNexis | Professional Journal archives from |publisher=AllBusiness.com |date=2009-08-21 |accessdate=2011-12-06}} 1 : Baseball-related lists |
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