| 词条 | Glossary of United Kingdom railway terms |
| 释义 |
This page contains a list of jargon used to varying degrees by railfans, trainspotters, and railway employees in the United Kingdom, including nicknames for various locomotives and multiple units. Although not exhaustive, many of the entries in this list appear from time to time in specialist, rail-related publications. There may be significant regional variation in usage. {{Compact ToC|side=yes|i=|q=|x=|z=}}A
A British signalling scheme designed to ensure the safe operation of a railway by allowing only one train to occupy a defined section of track (block) at a time[1]
A large key which locks levers or other items of signalling apparatus, thereby serving as a portable form of interlocking{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}
The indication displayed by a colour-light signal (e.g. a yellow aspect)
A passenger coach fitted with a driving cab and controls for use in an autotrain
The specific form of limited cab signalling introduced in 1948 in the United Kingdom to help train drivers observe and obey warning signals B
D5900 class Bo-Bo diesel-electric locomotives, constructed by the English Electric company. They used a single Napier Deltic engine/generator combination, as opposed to the two-engines layout and Co-Co wheel arrangement of the much longer Deltic locomotives from the same manufacturer, to which they bore a very strong family resemblance.[2]
North British D6300 class locomotives, which used one diesel engine coupled to a hydraulic transmission, making them effectively half a D600 Warship or D800 Warship, each of which had two engines[3]
British Rail Class 33/1 locomotives, specifically those fitted for push-pull working with 4TC stock[4]
A name used for the service that used to operate between Bedford and London St. Pancras; this service has subsequently been replaced by cross-London service on the Thameslink route. It is sometimes used when referring to the line from Bedford to St Pancras, and not any service in particular.[5][6]
A LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0. Class of steam locomotive built in the UK, named from their black 'mixed-traffic' livery and 'Class 5' power rating.[7]
The Crimson and Cream livery used on BR's coaches during the 1950s and 60s[8]
a signaller. From Robert Peel; originally, the railway police were responsible for signalling.[9]
British Rail Class 57 diesel-electric locomotives—made by transplanting a General Motors reconditioned power unit and alternator into a Class 47 bodyshell[10]
The undercarriage assembly of rolling stock incorporating the train wheels, suspension, brakes and, in powered units, the traction motors
A member of staff at railway stations, employed to sell tickets to passengers, able to provide advice on ticketing and route options, and responsible for the daily accounts and auditing of the station[11][12]
British Rail Class 58 diesel-electric locomotive—from the shape: the body is narrow with wide cabs. (Also called egg timer.) Ironically, one of the final workings of this class was a railfan special called the Bone Breaker which ended in a bufferstop collision and a passenger breaking his leg.[13]
London Underground A60 and A62 Stock, due to the shakey ride of the old trains. The nickname was coined by an ITV News reporter during a report on the A Stock's last day of service on the Metropolitan Line.[14]
A heavy vehicle with powerful brakes which was attached to the rear of goods trains in the days when most wagons were not fitted with a continuous braking system. Its function was to supplement the locomotive's braking power in slowing and stopping the train and to keep the couplings uniformly tight by selective light braking to avoid snatching and breakages. It also conveyed the train guard, hence its alternative name of "guards van". Partly analogous to caboose and its synonyms.
British Rail Class 47 diesel-electric locomotive, also known as the "Brush Type 4". Followers of this type are often known as "Brush bashers".
A British Rail Class 121 or 122 single railcar. This name was later made official by Chiltern Railways, the final company to have operated the 121 in mainline service.[15][16][17]
A steel rail section commonly used in 60 ft lengths on almost all railway lines throughout Britain until c1950, which due to its shape must be supported in cast iron chairs that are screwed to the sleepers. It is still found on some London Underground lines, on secondary and preserved lines, and in yards. The rail has two heads (shaped somewhat like a vertical dumbbell) which led some people to assume that when one side became worn, the rail could be inverted and reinstalled for further service rather than being replaced (it can't, because the two heads are different sizes, and by the time the top became worn down sufficiently to fit in the chairs when the rail is inverted, both the top and the bottom of the rail would be too small for further use). C
The superelevation angle of a track (the relative level of one rail to the other), typically around a curve
A British Railways telegraphic codeword to note the cancellation of a passenger train service[18]
A specialized freight car for transporting automobiles[19][20]
Passengers (particularly commuters, who often complain that they are treated "like cattle")[21]
The area either side of the railway immediately off the ballast shoulder which provides a safe area for workers to stand when trains approach[22]{{Rp|62}}
A cast iron bracket screwed to the sleeper and used to support bull head rail that is held in place by a wooden key (wedge) or spring steel clip—still found on preserved railways and in yards
A double rail section of track, sometimes found in train yards and on bridges to prevent derailments or limit damage caused by derailments, by having rail on both sides of the wheel flange. Also found on curves with a tight radius and switches and crossings[23]
A smokestack
British Rail Class 20 diesel-electric locomotive[23]
A curve connecting two otherwise-unconnected rail lines that lie at tangents to that curve (Usually both lines are straight, one being at a higher level than the other.)[24]
Originally used to describe the exhaust of steam locomotives, "clag" is a term describing the often spectacular (particularly blackened, as in Class 37, or whitesmoked, as in Class 55) exhaust emissions of many older British diesel locomotives, especially, Classes 52 and 55.[25]
Railway vehicle for use in passenger trains[26][27]
Applied to the shape of SR Q1 class steam locomotives[28]
A passenger car with more than one class of accommodation provided (e.g. first and third). In earlier days of three-class travel, first and second class, and second and third class composites were also built. A car with first, second, and third classes was also known as a tri-composite.
The drive rod connecting the crosshead to a driving-wheel or axle in a steam locomotive[29]
The mechanical connector at either end of a railway carriage allowing it to couple together with other carriages to form a train[30]
British Rail Class 33 diesel-electric locomotive (fitted with Crompton Parkinson electrical equipment).[31] See also Slim Jim. D
British Rail Class 460 Juniper electric multiple units (EMUs), so called due to their sloping cab ends, which resembled the front of the helmet worn by the Star Wars villain of the same name
British Rail Class 55 diesel-electric locomotives (the "Deltics"), which use twin Napier Deltic power units
A small explosive device strapped to the top of a rail to alert an approaching train of danger ahead by creating a loud noise upon contact with a locomotive wheel[32]
Waggon und Maschinenbau railbuses E79960-64, introduced 1958[33]
A direction (usually away from London, other capital city, or the headquarters of the railway concerned) or side (on left-running railways, the left side when facing in the down direction).[22]{{Rp|104}}[34]
The operator of a railway locomotive
A passenger coach which has a full set of train controls at one end, allowing for the use of push-pull train operation[35]
A class of control car{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}
British Rail Class 321, from the game show 3-2-1, featuring the animated character "Dusty Bin"[22]
The livery of British Rail Civil Engineers department rolling stock, due to the resemblance of Nederlandse Spoorwegen's corporate livery[36]
British Rail Class 92 so called because of the sound their traction blowers make as they go past{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} E
British Rail Class 58 diesel-electric locomotive[13] F
The original livery of the First Great Western HSTs—a green colour scheme, fading to ivory with shiny gold stripe below the windows, so called because it resembles the packaging of a brand of Rothman's cigarettes ('fags')[37]
The second British Railways emblem introduced in 1956, featuring a lion rampant holding a wheel. From a distance the wheel has a passing resemblance to a dartboard.[38]
A metal plate that joins the ends of rails in jointed track[39]
A junction in which all track crossings take place at grade and routings must therefore be controlled by signals and interlocking
A type of rolling stock, which can be a flat-bottomed car with no sides on which freight (including intermodal containers) can be stacked. A bulkhead is a flatcar with walls on the front and rear. A center-beam bulkhead is a bulkhead flatcar with an additional wall dividing one side of the flatcar from the other, but still without any sides.[40]
The practice of uncoupling a locomotive from a car in motion and running over a switch, whereupon an employee on the ground lines the switch to divert the car onto an adjacent track.[41][42] Once commonplace, this practice has led to several lawsuits against railroad companies and is now strictly prohibited due to the high risk to life and property.[43][44][45][46][47]
The first design of GWR diesel railcars, introduced in 1932.[48] This has since been adopted for the Network Rail New Measurement Train, due to its all-over yellow livery.[49] Also occasionally used to describe the High Speed Train.[50]
The group of rail vehicles making up a train, or more commonly a group of locomotives connected together for multiple-unit (MU) operation[30]
The area between the running rails of a standard-gauge track; the actual distance is {{Track gauge|ussg}}. See also six-foot and ten-foot.[22]{{Rp|141}}[51] G
The products which are carried
A type of rolling stock with a flat bottom enclosed on all sides and top, which is loaded and unloaded from sliding doors on each side[52][53]
A British Rail Class 31 diesel-electric locomotive—from "gargoyle" (after the somewhat ungainly headcode boxes above the driving cabs)[54]
A rail enthusiast[55][56][57]
A British Rail Class 56 diesel-electric locomotive, from the large grilles[58]
A British Rail Class 08 or Class 09 shunter[59]
A British Rail Class 37 diesel-electric locomotive (from the engine sound)[60]
The person in charge of a train and its crew. On passenger trains, a conductor is also responsible for tasks such as assisting passengers and collecting tickets.
A nickname for the British Rail Class 31, on account of its engine noise[50] H
A length of track feeding a number of sidings that permits the sidings to be shunted without blocking the main line, or where two lines merge into one before ending with a buffer, to allow a run-round procedure to take place[61]
A British Rail Class 50 diesel-electric locomotive—from the sound of the engine cooling fans being similar to a vacuum cleaner, prior to the refurbishment which removed this characteristic[62]
A D7000 class locomotive using a V16 Maybach diesel engine coupled to a Mekydro hydraulic transmission[63]
A British Rail Class 365 because their revised front end resembles a grinning face.[64] J
British Rail Class 395 electric multiple units, due to their usage during the London 2012 Summer Olympics on Olympic Javelin Shuttle services[65]
A railway station at which tracks and facilities are shared by two or more railways[66] K
A British Rail HS4000
Timber or sprung steel block used to secure Bullhead rail into the chairs[22]{{Rp|187}} L
A portable (often handheld) light source that is used to signal train crews[67]
One of the first new British Rail locomotive liveries applied after many years of all-over rail blue. For this livery, the loco cabs were entirely 'warning yellow', with black window surrounds (the yellow usually wrapping round behind the cab doors); the main bodysides were still rail blue but featured very large running numbers with a large white British Rail 'double arrow' logo in the middle, the full height of the body. It was applied to refurbished Class 50 locomotives, among others.[68]
The cutter's torch, coined by Modern Railways magazine as a pun on the Class 460 'Darth Vaders' having their front ends cut off as part of the amalgamation with the Class 458s{{Citation needed|date=November 2014}}
A trackside cabinet used to house signalling equipment such as relays or transformers[22]{{Rp|204}}[69]
A second parallel track (running for a short distance) on single-track railway lines, allowing a train to pass another M
A principal artery of a railway system[70]
Coal train running between a coal mine and a power station, loading and unloading without stopping or shunting
Locomotives constructed by Metropolitan-Vickers, especially the British Rail Class 28 (D5700 class) Co-Bo[71]
An Ivatt 2MT class 2-6-0 steam locomotive[72]
Collective term for the connecting rod, coupling rods, and valve gear—forms part of the running gear[73]
A branch-line train consisting of a steam locomotive and passenger carriages that can be driven from either end by means of rodding to the regulator and an additional vacuum brake valve. The fireman remains with the locomotive and, when the driver is at the other end, the fireman controls the cut off and vacuum ejectors in addition to his usual duties.
A high-speed train consisting of one MTU engined power car, and one Valenta engined power car in the formation
The ability of diesel and electric locomotives or multiple units to be joined together and controlled from one driving station. Such a set of joined locomotives is called a consist or (colloquially) "lash-up" and is said to be "MUed together".[70] N
A British Rail Class 168 Clubman unit with original front end, so called because it resembles the front end of a Networker
A non-enthusiast[74] O
A type of rolling stock with a flat bottom and relatively low sides, used to haul material such as ore or scrap, and loaded and unloaded from the top which may be covered or uncovered[75][76]
A bridge over the railway[22]{{Rp|46}}
A distance (normally 180 metres or set according to the permitted speed of the line) beyond a stop signal which must be clear before the preceding stop signal can display a proceed aspect; allows a margin in case a train overshoots a signal before stopping[22]{{Rp|246, 326}} P
A British Rail Class 44, Class 45, or Class 46 diesel-electric locomotive—so named because the earliest of these loco types, the ten Class 44s, were named after mountains[77]
The railway or contractor's official responsible for safe working during engineer's possession[22]{{Rp|259}}
A British Rail Class 442, "Wessex Electrics" (electric multiple units)—so-named for being mostly made out of plastics in construction{{Citation needed|date=October 2015}}
A motor or device which operates points
The articulating rails that determine the route to be taken
A British Rail Class 70, a reference to the alien of the same name from the American films{{Citation needed|date=September 2015}}
A small, hand-powered railroad car used for track inspection R
A set of rolling stock coupled together[78][79]
British Rail Class 25 diesel-electric locomotives—and related classes—reputedly originating from a term used on the LMR of British Rail in the 1960s where 25s were as common as "rats";[80] the Scottish-based Class 26 and 27 were sometimes known as "MacRats".[81] See also Splut.
South West Trains, coined by Modern Railways as a pun on the Darth Vader front ends of the {{brc|460}}s being cut off as part of the amalgamation with the Class 458 units (which amidst the pun was dubbed as their 'star fleet', all a pun on Star Wars){{Citation needed|date=September 2015}}
Early British Rail 25 kV AC electric locomotive of types 'AL1'–'AL5' (later Classes 81, 82, 83, 84, 85), due to the loud whine made by the traction motor cooling fans when the locomotive is at rest. The name originated with the AL3 type. Although the other types exhibit a less noticeable noise, the name is applied equally to any of them.[82]
The legal right of one railway company to use the tracks of another, as agreed to by the companies concerned or their predecessors[32] S
A Canadian-built Class 66 diesel-electric locomotive (from the roof shape and also the corrugated bodysides)[83]
An incident when a train passes a stop signal without authority
A direct no-dial telephone link to the relevant signal box, positioned on or near a signal[22]{{Rp|341}}
China Clay slurry wagons[85]
The space between a pair of adjacent lines, nominally six feet wide. See also four-foot and ten-foot.[22]{{Rp|336}}[51]
Class 142 DMUs[86]
A temporary speed restriction to protect, for example, sections of track in poor condition and awaiting repair. Also applies to the timing tolerance included in timetable schedules to allow for such restrictions.{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}
Looseness in a train caused by mating clearances in couplers[84]
Any diesel or electric multiple unit with manually opening hinged doors (mostly the British rail classes 423 and 421), so called after the noise made by passengers slamming the doors
Bars of wood or concrete placed beneath and perpendicular to track to support the rails[32]
Narrow-bodied version of the British Rail Class 33 diesel-electric locomotive (identified as sub-class 33/2)—built for the confined loading gauge on the Hastings line.[50] See also Crompton).
A passenger coach that is disconnected from a train without the train having to stop. While the train continued on its route, the slip coach would be guided and stopped by a guard on board using the coach's own brake mechanism. This practice was almost entirely limited to the United Kingdom and was discontinued in the 1960s.[22]{{Rp|339}}[87]
Another nickname for the British Rail Class 25, referring to their habit of spluttering when their engines cut out and failed, which they often did.[88] See also Rat.
A shunting engine based at a major passenger station and used for passenger-train shunting duties
A now-defunct British Railways rule which required a train crew to stop the train and examine the cause of an unexpected noise, vibration, etc.[89] Section TW of the Network Rail rulebook covers the requirements when working a modern train.
A tunnel passing underneath the railway tracks to allow passengers to cross from one platform to another
A rebuilt class 60, upgraded by DBS. Mainly seen in an overall red livery, with half-yellow fronts, but a couple can be seen in the original Sector livery.
The banking of railroad track on curves. Specifically, the practice on high speed lines (where the cant needs to be higher) of gently introducing the elevation of the outer rail before the bend starts, in order to avoid sudden lurches. Synonymous with cant.[84] T
A 3R diesel electric multiple unit (DEMU), named due to having two vehicles 8 ft 2½ in wide and one vehicle 9 ft 3 in wide[90]
A locomotive that carries its own fuel and water instead of hauling a tender
A British Rail Class 14 diesel-hydraulic locomotive for shunting and trip working.[83] Coined by Swindon Works' foreman George Cole who quipped "We've built the Great Bear, now we're going to build a Teddy Bear!".[91]
The space between sets of lines (e.g. between pairs of fast and slow lines). See also four-foot and six-foot.[22]{{Rp|373}}[51]
A station sited where a railway line or service ends or terminates
The LB&SCR A1 Class 0-6-0 steam locomotive, on account of its distinctive "bark" when running[92]
An illuminated number usually attached to signal indicating arrival platform for train approaching a station{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}
Class 52 diesel-hydraulic locomotives (the "Westerns") given the number range beginning with D1000[93]
Southern DEMU (BR Classes 201–207)—unlike conventional DMUs these used a single, comparatively large diesel engine and electric generator mounted immediately behind one driving cab. The power units made a distinctive "thumping" noise when working hard.[94]
A locomotive kept on standby at a strategic location, ready to rescue a failed train—from Thunderbirds[95]
The livery used by Network SouthEast. So called due to the red, white and blue colours resembling the colours of striped toothpaste.[96]{{Failed verification|date=November 2014}}
A train with locomotives at both ends, for ease of changing direction
A British Rail Class 37 diesel-electric locomotive, possibly from the engine sound, also because they could be found hauling almost anything as a mixed-traffic design[97]
The operator of a locomotive[98]
The locomotive closest to the train during a double-heading operation
A book or loose-leaf sheets kept in a signal box and used to record the passage of trains, messages passed, and other prescribed events[22]{{Rp|395}}
Three railway tracks in a triangular form with points at all three corners—can be used to turn a train around[99]
A British Rail Class 60 diesel-electric locomotive, as named because of their tremendous pulling power, size and sluggish nature. Class 60s upgraded by DB Schenker are called 'Super Tugs'.[100] U
A Southern Railway U class 2-6-0 steam locomotive[101]
A bridge carrying the railway and allowing a roadway to pass under the railway[22]{{Rp|408}}
A direction (usually towards London, other capital city, or the headquarters of the railway concerned) or side (on left-running railways, the left side when facing in the up direction). The opposite of down. The up direction is usually associated with even-numbered trains and signals.[34] V
A type of rolling stock with a flat bottom enclosed on all sides and top, which is loaded and unloaded from sliding doors on each side[52][53] W
A D600 or D800 class diesel-hydraulic locomotives, most of which were named after Royal Navy vessels[102]
A device used for delivering a large volume of water into the tank or tender of a steam locomotive
A British Rail Class 442 electric multiple unit—from the "Wessex Electric" brand name used at launch[103]
A British Rail Class 52 diesel-hydraulic type 4 locomotive, 74 of which ran on BR between 1961 and 1977. All were named in a series beginning "Western...". Seven of the class have been preserved.[104]
A British Rail Class 40 diesel-electric locomotive, from the turbocharger sound; this nickname is also occasionally applied to British Rail Class 20 locomotives.[105]
A British Rail Class 52 diesel-hydraulic type 4 locomotive[106]
A South Eastern and Chatham Railway N class 2-6-0 steam locomotive, built at Woolwich Arsenal[107]
A derogatory nickname for FirstGroup, especially on First Great Western "Worst Late Western"[21] (since re-branded as Great Western Railway[108][109]) and First Capital Connect "Worst Crapital Disconnect" (since ceased operations[110]) or First Hull Trains "Worst Hell Trains" Y
An early name for a Class 59 diesel-electric locomotive, the first privately owned (by Foster Yeoman) locomotives to operate on British Rail, owing to their names starting with "Yeoman" such as 59 001 Yeoman Endeavour[111] See also{{Portal|Trains|Trams}}{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
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Flying switch prohibited| work=Legal Zone| accessdate=13 October 2014}} 48. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bluebell-railway.co.uk/bluebell/earlydays1.html|title=Bluebell Railway – Early Days 1|work=bluebell-railway.co.uk}} 49. ^New Measurement Train, TrainTesting.com 50. ^1 2 {{cite book|editor=Morrison, Brian|title=Modern Railways Pictorial 1986|publisher=Ian Allan|page=115|ISBN=0-7110-1510-4}} 51. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Rule Book: Train Driver Manual|url=http://www.rssb.co.uk/rgs/rulebooks/GERM8000-traindriver%20Iss%203.pdf|website=RSSB.co.uk|publisher=Rail Safety and Standards Board|date=2016|accessdate=10 October 2016|format=PDF}} 52. ^1 {{cite web| url=http://trn.trains.com/Railroad%20Reference/Railroading%20Glossary.aspx?letter=B| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821181829/http://trn.trains.com/Railroad%20Reference/Railroading%20Glossary.aspx?letter=B| title=Railroading Glossary: B| publisher=Kalmbach Publishing| website=TRN.Trains.com| accessdate=20 February 2013| archivedate=21 August 2014}} 53. ^1 {{cite book|last=Welsh|first=Joe|title=The American Railroad: Working for the Nation|publisher=MBI Publishing Company|location=St. Paul, MN|date=2006|page=58|isbn=978-0-7603-1631-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPqntdv9w7kC|origyear=first published 1999 by Andover Junction Publications}} 54. ^{{cite journal |journal=Modern Railway Modelling |title=Hornby 'Goyles' in OO (Class 31) |volume=3 |pages=26–27 |date=2005}} 55. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/gricer|title=Oxford Dictionaries – Dictionary, Thesaurus, & Grammar|website=AskOxford.com}} 56. ^{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3DQ71i3CfYEC| title=I Never Knew There Was a Word For It| first=Adam Jacot| last=de Boinod| publisher=Penguin Books| date=2010| origyear=first published as The Meaning of Tingo in 2005}} 57. ^{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KT-cAQAAQBAJ| title=Oxford Dictionary of Modern Slang| date=2010| first1=John| last1=Ayto| first2=John| last2=Simpson| page=117| publisher=Oxford University Press| origyear=first published 1997| isbn=978-0199232055}} 58. ^{{cite magazine |last=Nicholson |first=Peter |date=July 2005 |title='Grid' owner adds to his collection |magazine=The Railway Magazine |volume=151 |issue=1251 |page=84 }} 59. ^{{cite journal |journal=Modern Railway Modelling |title=Hornby 'Gronk' (Class 08/09) |volume=4 |pages=26–27 |date=2005}} 60. ^{{cite magazine |date=July 2005 |title=A Real 'Growler' on the South Devon |magazine=The Railway Magazine |volume=151 |issue=1251 |page=10 }} 61. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.amra.asn.au/terms.htm#h| title=Railway Terminology: H| publisher=Australian Model Railway Association Incorporated | accessdate=8 March 2008 }} 62. ^{{cite magazine |magazine=The Railway Magazine |title=Swindon's 'Hoover' goes to school |date=July 2007 |page=86 |last=Nicholson |first=Peter}} 63. ^{{cite book | last = Reed | first = Brian | title = Diesel-Hydraulic Locomotives of the Western Region | publisher = David and Charles |date=1974 | location = Newton Abbot | isbn =0-7153-6769-2}} 64. ^{{cite book | last = Reed | first = Brian | title = Traction Recognition | publisher = Ian Allan | date = 2007 | location = unknown | isbn =978-0-7110-3277-4}} 65. ^{{Cite journal |url=http://www.railwayherald.com/magazine/pdf/RHUK/Issue159.pdf |title=Countdown to Kent High-Speed Commuter Service Begins |page=4 |magazine=Railway Herald |location=Scunthorpe |date=14 December 2008 |accessdate=28 March 2016 |format=PDF}} 66. ^{{cite web| url=http://trn.trains.com/Railroad%20Reference/Railroading%20Glossary.aspx?letter=U| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830031153/http://trn.trains.com/Railroad%20Reference/Railroading%20Glossary.aspx?letter=U| title=Railroading Glossary: U| publisher=Kalmbach Publishing| website=TRN.Trains.com| accessdate=20 February 2013| archivedate=30 August 2014}} 67. ^{{cite book|last=Cunningham|first=William A.|title=The Railroad Lantern, 1865 to 1930: The Evolution of the Railroad Hand Lantern as Reflected by the United States Patent Records and by Lanterns Made by Cross, Dane & Westlake, Dane, Westlake & Covert, the Adams & Westlake Manufacturing Co. & the Adams & Westlake Company|publisher=Wm. 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|last=Staines |first=David |pages=22–25 |date=December 2007}} 84. ^1 2 3 {{cite web| url=http://trn.trains.com/Railroad%20Reference/Railroading%20Glossary.aspx?letter=S| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821182619/http://trn.trains.com/Railroad%20Reference/Railroading%20Glossary.aspx?letter=S| title=Railroading Glossary: S| publisher=Kalmbach Publishing| website=TRN.Trains.com| accessdate=20 February 2013| archivedate=21 August 2014}} 85. ^{{cite journal |journal=Railways Illustrated |date=March 2008 |title=News Pictorial |page=43}} 86. ^{{cite journal |journal=Railways Illustrated |date=March 2008 |title=Cornish Capers |page=24}} 87. ^{{Cite web |title=Railway Operations - I |url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-ops.html |publisher=Indian Railways Fan Club |website=IRFCA.org |date=2010 |accessdate=15 October 2014}} 88. ^Modern Railways Pictorial 1986, page 110. 89. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rgsonline.co.uk/Rule_Book/Forms/Live_Documents.aspx?RootFolder=/Rule_Book/Rule%20Book%20Modules/TW%20-%20Train%20Working&FolderCTID=0x01200060B274261602B94B84F5B3E1E95DE5C8 |title=Online Rulebook section TW: Working of Trains}} 90. ^{{cite book | first = John| last = Glover | date = 2001 | title = Southern Electric | publisher = Ian Allan | location = Hersham | isbn = 0-7110-2807-9 | page = 93 }} 91. ^{{cite magazine |magazine=The Railway Magazine |date=December 2006 |editor-first=Nick |editor-last=Pigott |publisher=IPC Media |location=London |issue=1268 |volume=152 |title='Teddy Bears' - the locos BR put to bed early |first=Andy |last=Flowers |page=41 }} 92. ^{{cite book|last=Casserley |first=H.C.|title=Steam Locomotives of British Railways|date=1961|edition=1978|publisher=Hamlyn Books|page=52|ISBN=0-600-02210-2}} 93. ^{{cite journal |journal=Railways Illustrated |date=November 2007 |title=This is the way to celebrate your 50th. birthday! |last=Wilson |first=Matt |page=27}} 94. ^{{cite magazine |last=Nicholson |first=Peter |date=July 2005 |title='Thumper' Trailer Finds a Home |magazine=The Railway Magazine |volume=151 |issue=1251 |page=84 }} 95. ^{{cite web | title = Virgin rescue locomotives are F A B! | website = VirginTrainsMediaRoom.com | publisher = Virgin Trains | date = 17 December 2004 | url = http://www.virgintrainsmediaroom.com/index.cfm?articleid=585 | accessdate = 28 January 2008 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061016073656/http://www.virgintrainsmediaroom.com/index.cfm?articleid=585 | archivedate = 16 October 2006 | df = dmy-all }} 96. ^{{cite web|title=Class 465 Liveries|url=http://www.southernelectric.org.uk/features/liveries/465liv/index.html|page=1|publisher=Southern Electric Group|website=SouthernElectric.org.uk|accessdate=15 November 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009031234/http://www.southernelectric.org.uk/features/liveries/465liv/index.html|archivedate=9 October 2014|df=dmy-all}} 97. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.traffordmodelcentre.co.uk/cgi-bin/commerce.cgi?product=TMC_Diesel!Class_37&cart_id=&exact_match=on |title=TMC Class 37 Product Page}} 98. ^{{cite web| url=http://trn.trains.com/Railroad%20Reference/Railroading%20Glossary.aspx?letter=E| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822154846/http://trn.trains.com/Railroad%20Reference/Railroading%20Glossary.aspx?letter=E| title=Railroading Glossary: E| publisher=Kalmbach Publishing| website=TRN.Trains.com| accessdate=20 February 2013| archivedate=22 August 2014}} 99. ^{{cite web| url=http://trn.trains.com/Railroad%20Reference/Railroading%20Glossary.aspx?letter=W| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830031157/http://trn.trains.com/Railroad%20Reference/Railroading%20Glossary.aspx?letter=W| title=Railroading Glossary: W| publisher=Kalmbach Publishing| website=TRN.Trains.com| accessdate=20 February 2013| archivedate=30 August 2014}} 100. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tugtracker.co.uk/index.aspx |title=British Rail Class 60 |accessdate=8 August 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828130122/http://www.tugtracker.co.uk/index.aspx |archivedate=28 August 2013 |df=dmy-all }} 101. ^{{cite journal |last1=Brodrick |first1=Nick |title='U-Boat' Tender Lands at MHR |journal=Steam Railway |publisher=Bauer Media |issue=382, November 12 – December 9, 2010 |page=25}} 102. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.greatwestern.org.uk/d600m_in.htm |title=British Railways Western Region diesel-hydraulic locomotives: D600 'Warship' index}} 103. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.southernelectric.org.uk/features/rolling-stock/442/442intro01.html |title=SEG 442 Features Introduction |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227165951/http://www.southernelectric.org.uk/features/rolling-stock/442/442intro01.html |archivedate=27 December 2013 |df=dmy-all }} 104. ^{{cite journal |journal=Railways Illustrated |date=November 2007 |title=Western makes debut at Aberystwyth |page=8}} 105. ^{{cite magazine |magazine=The Railway Magazine |title=The Golden Jubilee of the Class 20s |date=July 2007 |pages=14–20}} 106. ^{{cite journal |journal=Railways Illustrated |date=March 2008 |title=A 'wizzo' in the west again |page=11}} 107. ^{{cite book|first=Brian |last=Jewell| title=Down the line to Hastings |publisher=The Baton Press |location=Southborough |date=1984 |page=15 |isbn=0-85936-223-X}} 108. ^{{cite news|last1=Benke |first1=Mike |title=First Great Western extend franchise until 2019 - largest train fleet upgrade in generation |url=http://www.swindonadvertiser.co.uk/archive/2015/03/23/11872796.UPDATE__First_Great_Western_extend_franchise_until_2019___largest_train_fleet_upgrade_in_generation/?ref=arc |accessdate=24 March 2015 |work=Swindon Advertiser |date=23 March 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402192557/http://www.swindonadvertiser.co.uk/archive/2015/03/23/11872796.UPDATE__First_Great_Western_extend_franchise_until_2019___largest_train_fleet_upgrade_in_generation/?ref=arc |archivedate=2 April 2015 }} 109. ^{{cite news|title=First Great Western to become a thing of the past as Great Western Railway launched|url=http://www.gazetteandherald.co.uk/news/13771735.First_Great_Western_to_become_a_thing_of_the_past_as_Great_Western_Railway_launched/|accessdate=20 September 2015|work=Wiltshire Gazette & Herald|date=20 September 2015}} 110. ^{{cite press release |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-rail-franchising-deal-set-to-transform-passenger-services-across-london-and-south-east |title=New rail franchising deal set to transform passenger services across London and south east |publisher=Department for Transport |date=23 May 2014 |accessdate=23 May 2014 }} 111. ^Supplement to April 1990 edition of Railway Magazine 2 : Glossaries of rail transport|Rail transport in the United Kingdom |
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