| 词条 | Glycogen storage disease type III |
| 释义 |
| name = Glycogen storage disease type III | synonyms = | image = Glycogen_storage_disease_in_liver_-_high_mag.jpg | caption = Micrograph of glycogen storage disease with histologic features consistent with Cori disease. Liver biopsy. H&E stain. | pronounce = | field = | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = AGL gene mutation[1] | risks = | diagnosis = Biopsy, Elevated transaminases[1] | differential = | prevention = | treatment = Currently no cure, Diet regime[1] | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }}Glycogen storage disease type III is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder and inborn error of metabolism (specifically of carbohydrates) characterized by a deficiency in glycogen debranching enzymes.[2] It is also known as Cori's disease in honor of the 1947 Nobel laureates Carl Cori and Gerty Cori. Other names include Forbes disease in honor of clinician Gilbert Burnett Forbes (1915–2003), an American Physician who further described the features of the disorder, or limit dextrinosis, due to the limit dextrin-like structures in cytosol.[5] Limit dextrin is the remaining polymer produced after hydrolysis of glycogen. Without glycogen debranching enzymes to further convert these branched glycogen polymers to glucose, limit dextrinosis abnormally accumulates in the cytoplasm.[3] Glycogen is a molecule the body uses to store carbohydrate energy. Symptoms of GSD-III are caused by a deficiency of the enzyme amylo-1,6 glucosidase, or debrancher enzyme. This causes excess amounts of an abnormal glycogen to be deposited in the liver, muscles and, in some cases, the heart.{{medical citation needed|date=August 2016}} Signs/symptomsGlycogen storage disease type III presents during infancy with hypoglycemia and failure to thrive. Clinical examination usually reveals hepatomegaly. Muscular disease, including hypotonia and cardiomyopathy, usually occurs later. The liver pathology typically regresses as the individual enter adolescence, as does splenomegaly, should the individual so develop it.[4] GeneticsIn regards to genetics glycogen storage disease type III is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern (which means both parents need be a carrier), and occurs in about 1 of every 100,000 live births. The highest incidence of glycogen storage disease type III is in the Faroe Islands where it occurs in 1 out of every 3,600 births, probably due to a founder effect.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} There seem to be two mutations in exon 3 (c.17_18delAG) being one of them, which are linked to the subtype IIIb.[8][5] The amylo-alpha-1, 6-glucosidase, 4-alpha-glucanotransferase gene and mutations to it, are at the root of this condition. The gene is responsible for creating glycogen debranching enzyme, which in turn helps in glycogen decomposition.[2][6] DiagnosisIn terms of the diagnosis for glycogen storage disease type III, the following tests/exams are carried out to determine if the individual has the condition:[7][8]
Differential diagnosisThe differential diagnosis of glycogen storage disease type III includes GSD I, GSD IX and GSD VI. This however does not mean other glycogen storage diseases should not be distinguished as well.[9] ClassificationClinical manifestations of glycogen storage disease type III are divided into four classes:[2]
TreatmentTreatment for glycogen storage disease type III may involve a high-protein diet, in order to facilitate gluconeogenesis. Additionally the individual may need:[4][9][8]
References1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Glycogen storage disease type 3 {{!}} Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/9442/glycogen-storage-disease-type-3|website=rarediseases.info.nih.gov|accessdate=2 January 2018|language=en}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url=https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/glycogen-storage-disease-type-iii#definition|title=glycogen storage disease type III|last=Reference|first=Genetics Home|website=Genetics Home Reference|access-date=2016-08-07}} 3. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=8a0Q3LPL1vgC&pg=PA60&lpg=PA60&dq=limit+dextrin+accumulation#v=onepage&q=limit%20dextrin%20accumulation&f=false|title=Medical Biochemistry at a Glance|last=J. G. Salway|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2012|isbn=9780470654514|location=|page=60}} 4. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/942618-clinical#showall|title=Genetics of Glycogen-Storage Disease Type III Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes|website=emedicine.medscape.com|access-date=2016-08-11}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.omim.org/entry/232400|title=OMIM Entry - # 232400 - Glycogen Storage Disease III; GSD3|website=www.omim.org|access-date=2016-08-11}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/AGL|title=AGL|last=Reference|first=Genetics Home|website=Genetics Home Reference|access-date=2016-08-11}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://patient.info/health/glycogen-storage-disorders-leaflet|title=Glycogen Storage Disorders. Inborn errors of metabolism {{!}} Patient|website=Patient|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-08-11}} 8. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Kishnani|first1=Priya S.|last2=Austin|first2=Stephanie L.|last3=Arn|first3=Pamela|last4=Bali|first4=Deeksha S.|last5=Boney|first5=Anne|last6=Case|first6=Laura E.|last7=Chung|first7=Wendy K.|last8=Desai|first8=Dev M.|last9=El-Gharbawy|first9=Areeg|last10=Haller|first10=Ronald|last11=Smit|first11=G. Peter A.|last12=Smith|first12=Alastair D.|last13=Hobson-Webb|first13=Lisa D.|last14=Wechsler|first14=Stephanie Burns|last15=Weinstein|first15=David A.|last16=Watson|first16=Michael S.|title=Glycogen Storage Disease Type III diagnosis and management guidelines|journal=Genetics in Medicine|date=1 July 2010|volume=12|issue=7|pages=446–463|doi=10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181e655b6|url=http://www.nature.com/gim/journal/v12/n7/full/gim201069a.html|accessdate=11 August 2016|language=en|issn=1098-3600|pmid=20631546}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last1=Dagli|first1=Aditi|last2=Sentner|first2=Christiaan P.|last3=Weinstein|first3=David A.|title=Glycogen Storage Disease Type III|journal=GeneReviews(®)|date=1 January 1993|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26372/|accessdate=11 August 2016}}update 2012 Further reading
External links{{Medical resources| DiseasesDB = 5302 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|E|74|0|e|70}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|271.0}} | ICDO = | OMIM = 232400 | OMIM_mult = {{OMIM2|610860}} | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 909 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|ped|479}} | MeshID = D006010 | GeneReviewsNBK = NBK26372 | GeneReviewsName = Glycogen Storage Disease Type III }}{{Carbohydrate metabolic pathology}}{{Medicine}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Glycogen Storage Disease Type Iii}} 3 : Autosomal recessive disorders|Hepatology|Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism |
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