请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 GM "old-look" transit bus
释义

  1. Design

  2. Model designations

  3. Production

     Yellow Coach  General Motors 

  4. Soviet versions

     ZIS-154  ZIS-155  MTB-82 trolleybus 

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. Bibliography

  8. External links

{{multiple issues|{{Refimprove|article|date=February 2009}}{{More footnotes|article|date=February 2009}}
}}{{Infobox automobile
| name = GM "Old Look" Bus
| image = 1954 Twin City Rapid Transit bus 1303 on display 2011.jpg
| caption = A restored GM "old look" 5105 coach
| manufacturer = Yellow Coach (1940–1943)
GMC Truck and Bus (1944–1969)
| aka =
| production = 1940–1969
| assembly = Pontiac, Michigan
| predecessor =
| successor = GM New Look
| class = Transit bus
| body_style =
| layout =
| platform =
| engine = Detroit Diesel 4-71 or 6-71
| transmission = Hydraulic or Manual
| wheelbase =
| length = {{convert|25|ft|m|abbr=on}}, {{convert|28|ft|m|abbr=on}}, {{convert|30|ft|m|abbr=on}}, {{convert|33|ft|m|abbr=on}}, {{convert|35|ft|m|abbr=on}}, {{convert|37.75|ft|m|abbr=on}}, {{convert|40|ft|m|abbr=on}}, or {{convert|41.5|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|96|in|m|2|abbr=on}} or {{convert|102|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|113|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
(roofline)
| weight =
| related =
| designer =
| sp = us

}}The GM "old-look" transit bus is a transit bus that was introduced in 1940 by Yellow Coach beginning with the production of the model TG-3201 bus. Yellow Coach was an early bus builder that was partially owned by General Motors (GM) before being purchased outright in 1943 and folded into the GM Truck Division to form the GM Truck & Coach Division. The Yellow Coach badge gave way to the GM nameplate in 1944. Production of most "old-look" models was stopped upon the release of the GM New-Look bus in 1959, however some smaller "old-look" models continued to be built until 1969. Approximately 38,000 "old-look" buses were built during the 29-year production run. The "old-look" name is an unofficial retronym applied to this series of GM buses after the release of the GM New-Look series.

Design

The GM "old-look" bus was somewhat streamlined in appearance (resembling the PCC streetcar in styling), similar in shape to a loaf of sandwich bread, and had windows that were smaller than those found on more modern bus designs produced after the 1950s. Unlike most earlier buses, the GM "old-look" bus was built using a monocoque design, rather than a body-on-frame design, and it helped shepherd the change from gasoline to diesel-powered buses. Most "old-look" buses were powered with the Detroit Diesel 6-71 inline six-cylinder diesel engine, the exceptions being the shorter models that were powered by the four-cylinder version of the same diesel engine, and buses that were equipped with gasoline engines. Manual and automatic transmissions were available, with the Spicer angle-drive two-speed transmission being used on automatic-equipped buses built prior to 1948. After 1948, the 2-speed Allison V-drive transmission was used on automatic-equipped buses.[1] In 1940 and 1942, a small number of buses were built with electric propulsion systems instead of a transmission. The "old-look" was available in several lengths ranging from {{Convert|25|ft|m}} to {{Convert|41|ft|6|in|m}}, though the most common models were {{Convert|35|ft|m}} and {{Convert|40|ft|m}} feet long. Most "old-look" buses were {{Convert|96|in|m}} wide, but {{Convert|102|in|m|adj=mid|-wide}} models were available beginning in 1948. In 1946 GM began offering its Thermo-matic heating and ventilation system, and in 1952 started making suburban models (identifiable by larger passenger windows, and equipped with high-backed forward-facing seats and optional luggage racks). Beginning in 1953, air-ride suspension became standard on all but the smallest model buses, and in 1958, air conditioning was added as an available option.

In 1959, GM introduced its New-Look bus with the "fishbowl" style front window, and production stopped on all "old-look" buses other than the "second-generation" models: the {{Convert|28|ft|m|adj=on}} TGH-3102 which was built until 1963 and the {{Convert|30|ft|m|adj=on}} 35xx models which were built until 1969.

Model designations

The model designations used for GM "old-look" buses consisted of a series of two or three letters followed by a series of four numbers (for example, TDH-4512). The letters and numbers gave a basic description of the type of bus as follows:

Type Fuel Transmission1 Nominal seating capacity Series
T = transit bus2D = diesel
G = gasoline		H = hydraulic (automatic) transmission
M = manual transmission
E = electric propulsion		-27 = {{Convert|25|ft|m}}
31 & 32 = {{Convert|28|ft|m}}
35, 36 & 37 = {{Convert|30|ft|m|sigfig=2}}
40 = {{Convert|33|ft|m|sigfig=3}}
45 = {{Convert|35|ft|m|sigfig=3}}
48 = {{Convert|37|ft|9|in|m|sigfig=3}}
51 = {{Convert|40|ft|m|sigfig=3}}
54 & 55 = {{Convert|41|ft|6|in|m|sigfig=3}}

two digits

NOTES:
  1. This was omitted for buses built prior to 1947, except for those with electric propulsion.
  2. GM also built parlor coaches (designated by P) and, beginning in the 1960s, suburban buses (S), however neither prefix was used for any "old-look" models.

Production

The following buses are listed by ascending model number. All buses are 96 inches wide unless noted.[2] Note that Yellow Coach realigned all models to series 05 in 1941.

Yellow Coach

Model Quantity Built Notes
271D|TD-2701}} {{0}}55 1940–1941
271G|TG-2701}} 245 1940–1941
275D|TD-2705}} {{0}}60 1941–1942
275G|TG-2705}}00}}2 1941
276G|TG-2706}} 422 1941–1942
321D|TD-3201}} 141 1940–1941
321G|TG-3201}} {{0}}63 1940–1941
325D|TD-3205}} 194 1941–1942
325G|TG-3205}} {{0}}71 1941–1942
361G|TG-3601}} {{0}}36 1940–1941
362D|TD-3602}} {{0}}67 1940–1941
362G|TG-3602}} 233 1940–1941
363G|TG-3603}} {{0}}81 1940
365D|TD-3605}} {{0}}82 1941–1942
365G|TG-3605}} 150 1941–1942
366D|TD-3606}} {{0}}75 1941–1942
366G|TG-3606}} 250 1941–1942
401D|TD-4001}} 174 1940–1941
401E|TDE-4001}} {{0}}30 1940
401G|TG-4001}} {{0}}13 1940–1941
402E|TDE-4002}}00}}7 1940
405D|TD-4005}} 155 1941–1942
{{sort|405E|TDE-4005}} {{0}}16 1942
405G|TG-4005}} 147 1941–1942
406D|TD-4006}} {{0}}60 1941
452D|TD-4502}} 354 1940–1941
452G|TG-4502}} {{0}}35 1940–1941
453D|TD-4503}}00}}2 1940 suburban
455D|TD-4505}} 733 1941–1942
455G|TG-4505}}00}}4 1942
541D|TD-5401}}00}}1 1940
 

General Motors

Model Quantity Built Notes
278GH|TGH-2708}}0,}}3021949–1951
326D|TD-3206}}0,}}675 1945–1946
326G|TG-3206}}0,}}175 1945–1946
327DH|TDH-3207}}0,}}737 1947–1948
327DM|TDM-3207}}0,0}}38 1947–1948
327GH|TGH-3207}}0,}}269 1947–1948
327GM|TGM-3207}}0,}}101 1947–1948
329DH|TDH-3209}}0,0}}53 1949
329DM|TDM-3209}}0,0}}27 1949
311GH|TGH-3101}}0,}}751 1950–1952
312GH|TGH-3102}} 1,605 1953–1963
367G|TG-3607}}0,0}}50 1944
368G|TG-3608}}0,}}200 1944
369D|TD-3609}}0,}}325 1945–1946
369G|TG-3609}} 1,200 1944–1946
36ADH|TDH-3610}} 1,771 1946–1948
36AGH|TGH-3610}}0,00}}5 1947–1948
36ADM|TDM-3610}}0,0}}55 1947–1948
{{sort|36AGM|TGM-3610}}0,}}100 1947–1948
36CDH|TDH-3612}} 1,949 1949–1953
36CGH|TGH-3612}}0,0}}68 1949–1953
36EDH|TDH-3614}}0,}}825 1953–1960
37EDH|TDH-3714}}0,}}825 1953–1960
351DH|TDH-3501}} 1,049 1964–1968
351GH|TGH-3501}}0,}}116 1964–1968
352DH|TDH-3502}}0,}}181 1968–1969 45 were air conditioned TDH-3502As
352GH|TGH-3502}}0,0}}19 1968
406G|TG-4006}}0,}}290 1944
407D|TD-4007}}0,}}800 1944–1945
407G|TG-4007}}0,}}325 1944–1945
408DH|TDH-4008}} 1,491 1946–1948
408DM|TDM-4008}}0,}}163 1947–1948
40ADH|TDH-4010}}0,}}115 1949–1950
40ADM|TDM-4010}}0,00}}4 1949
456D|TD-4506}} 1,200 1945–1946
457DH|TDH-4507}} 2,899 1946–1949
457DM|TDM-4507}}0,}}146 1947–1949
459DH|TDH-4509}} 2,494 1949–1953
459DM|TDM-4509}}0,}}555 1949–1955
45ADH|TDH-4510}}0,}}501 1948–1949 102|in|m}} wide
45BDH|TDH-4511}}0,}}120 1950–1951 102|in|m}} wide
45CDH|TDH-4512}} 3,263 1953–1959
45CDM|TDM-4512}}0,}}252 1953–1958
45FDH|TDH-4515}}0,0}}40 1953–1959 suburban
45FDM|TDM-4515}}0,}}412 1953–1959 suburban
481|TDH-4801}}0,}}547 1953–1958 102|in|m}} wide; built only for California operators
481|TDM-4801}}0,0}}75 1954 102|in|m}} wide; built only for California operators
5111DH|TDH-5101}}0,}}400 1948–1949 for the City of New York; used a 4509 chassis
512DH|TDH-5102}}0,00}}1 1949
513DH|TDH-5103}}0,}}951 1950–1953 102|in|m}} wide
513DM|TDM-5103}}0,0}}37 1951 102|in|m}} wide
514DH|TDH-5104}}0,}}162 1952–1953
514DM|TDM-5104}}0,00}}5 1952
515DH|TDH-5105}} 3,630 1953–1959 102|in|m}} wide
516DH|TDH-5106}} 1,727 1953–1959
516DM|TDM-5106}}0,}}110 1953–1959
517DH|TDH-5107}}0,00}}2 1952 suburban
517DM|TDM-5107}}0,0}}13 1952 suburban
518DH|TDH-5108}}0,0}}21 1953–1959 suburban
518DM|TDM-5108}}0,}}461 1953–1959 suburban
552DH|TDH-5502}}0,}}101 1948

Soviet versions

ZIS-154

Following World War II, cities in the Soviet Union needed a modern transit bus. Agreement was reached to build GM's model TDH-3610 under license (but with diesel-electric propulsion, similar to that used for the TDE-40xx models), and production was assigned to ZiS (Zavod imeni Stalina: literally Plant named after Stalin) where it became their model number 154. The ZIS-154 was first assembled with a locally manufactured Yaroslavl YAZ-204 diesel, but supply problems caused ZiS to switch to the Detroit Diesel 6-71, also built under license. Continuing issues with the reliability of the drive-train components resulted in the ZIS-154 being discontinued after only slightly more than four years of production and 1,165 units.[3]

In some places these buses were nicknamed "lightning" because of the rapid acceleration provided by the diesel-electric drive.[4]

ZIS-154 Production
Year 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 Total
Quantity 1 80 404 472 207 1,165

ZIS-155

In an attempt to overcome the problems of the ZIS-154, the less-technically-advanced ZIS-155 was designed. In 1949 Moscow's Central Auto Repair Workshop (ЦАРМ: Центральные авторемонтные мастерские) constructed a batch of shortened ZIS-154 bodies and mounted them on modified ZIS-150 truck chassis. One source suggests that the "Moscow" prototypes had shrouds over the rear wheels, a more-stylized front wheel cut-out, and a larger radiator.[5] The prototypes were successful, and full-scale production began at ZIS.

The most noticeable difference between the ZIS-154 and the ZIS-155 was the placement of the doors: since the ZIS-155 had a front engine, the doors were moved to behind the axles. The driver's compartment was completely separated from the passenger saloon by a bulkhead, so the buses were two-man operated, with a rear entrance and front exit. The 154 employed unibody construction, while the 155 was body-on-frame.

Besides being the standard city bus in the Soviet Union in the 1950s, a large quantity were exported to other Eastern Bloc countries, and are known to have been used in Warsaw, Berlin, Ulan Bator and Beijing. A twelve-seat long-distance version was also built. In Moscow a number of withdrawn units were rebuilt as trailers, but they were not a success as the ZIS-155 was underpowered and therefore had difficulty pulling a fully loaded trailer, too.

From 1955 the ZIS-155 was equipped with an alternator instead of a generator, the first Soviet bus to be so equipped. After Stalin fell out of favour, the ZIS plant was renamed in 1956 to Zavod Imeni Likhacheva (ZIL), after its former director Ivan Alekseevich Likhachev.[6] As a result, late-production 155s were designated as ZIL-155.

ZIS-154 "Moscow" ZIS-155 MTB-82
Seats + Standees 34 + ? 23 + 21 28 + 22 38 + 18
Length9.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}8.07|m|ftin|abbr=on}}8.26|m|ftin|abbr=on}}10.365|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
Width2.50|m|in|abbr=on}}2.50|m|in|abbr=on}}2.50|m|in|abbr=on}}2.615|m|in|abbr=on}}
Height2.49|m|in|abbr=on}}3.11|m|in|abbr=on}}2.49|m|in|abbr=on}}3.67|m|in|abbr=on}}
Wheelbase5.46|m|in|abbr=on}}3.94|m|in|abbr=on}}?4.09|m|in|abbr=on}}6.00|m|in|abbr=on}}
Rear Overhang ? 2.85|m|in|abbr=on}}2.70|m|in|abbr=on}} ?
Weight8000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}6000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}6290|kg|lb|abbr=on}}9250|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
Engine DD 6-71
YAZ-204D 		ZIS-120 ZIS-124 DK-202B
Horsepower 110 @ 2000 rpm
112 		90 95 @ 2800 rpm 80 kW
Tires 10.50×20 9.00×20 10.00×20 ?
Produced 1946–1950 1949 1949–1957 1946–1961
Quantity 1,164 ? 21,741 5,000+

MTB-82 trolleybus

in German

See also

{{Portal|Buses}}{{commons category|GM Old Look buses}}
United States
Competing bus manufacturers
Soviet Union

in Russian

References

1. ^{{cite book|title=>McKane, John H. & Squier, Gerald L.|year=2006|pages=14}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.omot.org/roster/GMOldLookList/index.html |title=Yellow Coach & GM Old Look U.S. Production Lists |date=August 13, 2004 |work=Coach Manufacturer Production Lists |publisher=The Ohio Museum of Transportation |accessdate=2017-04-01}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bartrans.net/bus-zis155.ru.html |script-title=ru:барановичских автобусов история общественного транспорта |author=Dubrovin Yauheni |date=22 January 2006 |language=Russian |trans-title=Public transport in Baranovichi, Belarus: ZiS-155 |accessdate=9 December 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706111839/http://www.bartrans.net/bus-zis155.ru.html |archivedate=6 July 2010 |df= }}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tak.ee/index.php?page=268&#History |title=TAK » Home » About the company » Rolling stock » History |author=Tallinna Autobussikoondise AS |year=2005 |work=Tallinna Autobussikoondise TAK |publisher=Tallinna Autobussikoondise AS |accessdate=9 December 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716111134/http://www.tak.ee/index.php?page=268& |archivedate=16 July 2011 |df= }}
5. ^{{cite book |last=Shugurova |first=L.M. |script-title=ru:Автомобили Россиии СССР |trans-title=Soviet Russian Automobiles |language=Russian}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.histomobile.com/dvd_histomobile/usa/264/history.htm |title=Zil History: 1930's |author=Stéphane van Damme |date=18 February 1999 |work=Histomobile |accessdate=9 December 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615122119/http://www.histomobile.com/dvd_histomobile/usa/264/history.htm |archivedate=15 June 2011 |df= }}

Bibliography

External links

U.S.A.
U.S.S.R.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gm Old-Look Transit Bus}}

3 : Buses of the United States|General Motors buses|Vehicles introduced in 1940

随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/20 18:39:51