词条 | GNewSense | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| name = gNewSense | logo = | screenshot = GNew Sense 4.0 desktop.png | caption = gNewSense 4.0 | developer = Current: Sam Geeraerts former: K.Goetz Brian Brazil and Paul O'Malley | family = Unix-like | released = {{Start date and age|2006|11|02}} | userland = GNU | ui = GNOME | license = FSDG | website = {{url|http://www.gnewsense.org}} | latest_release_version = 4.0[1] | latest_release_date = {{Start date and age|2016|05|02|df=yes}} | latest_preview_version = 4.0 Alpha 1[2] | latest_preview_date = {{Start date and age|2014|12|02|df=yes}}[2] | marketing_target = | kernel_type = Monolithic (Linux) | working_state = Dormant | supported_platforms = amd64, i386, Loongson | updatemodel = long term support | package_manager = apt (standard), Synaptic (Gtk+ frontend), dpkg (low-levelled system) |date=July 2014}}gNewSense is a Linux distribution based on Debian, and developed with sponsorship from the Free Software Foundation. Its goal is user-friendliness, but with all proprietary (e.g. binary blobs) and non-free software removed. The Free Software Foundation considers gNewSense to be composed entirely of free software.[3] gNewSense takes a relatively strict stance against proprietary software. For example, any documentation that gives instructions on installing proprietary software is excluded.[4] HistoryThe project was launched by Brian Brazil and Paul O'Malley in 2006. gNewSense was originally based on Ubuntu. Since the 1.0 release, the Free Software Foundation assists gNewSense.[5] With no releases in two years, on 8 August 2011, DistroWatch classified gNewSense as "dormant". By September 2012 DistroWatch had changed the status to "active" again, and on 6 August 2013, the first version directly based on Debian, gNewSense 3 "Parkes", was released.[6][7][8][9] Under the few discussions in the Trisquel forums gNewSense is again said to be inactive, which there are no gNewSense activities in 2017. Technical aspectsBy default gNewSense uses GNOME. The graphical user interface can be customized with the user's choice of X display manager, window managers, and other desktop environments available to install through its hosted repositories.[10] The Ubiquity installer allows installing to the hard disk from within the Live CD environment without the need for restarting the computer prior to installation.[11] Besides standard system tools and other small applications, gNewSense comes installed with the following software: the LibreOffice productivity suite,[12] the GNOME Web internet browser, the Empathy instant messenger, and the GIMP for editing photos and other raster graphics. Common software development tools including the GCC are installed by default.[13] InstallationThe Live CD can be used to run the operating system and to install onto disk. CD images are available for download.[14] VersionsgNewSense has made four major releases:
In 2016, gNewSense announced that the next version of gNewSense would be 5.0.[18][19] Comparison with other distributionsNon-free software repositories are not provided by the gNewSense project, and most non-free documentation and artwork have been removed. While it was based on Ubuntu, the "Universe" package repository was enabled by default. In order to avoid trademark problems that stem from the modification of Mozilla Firefox, gNewSense 1.1 rebranded it as "BurningDog". BurningDog likewise does not offer to install non-free plugins[20] for various web media, such as Adobe Flash. gNewSense 2.0 abandoned BurningDog and adopted the Epiphany web browser (later renamed simply "Web"), a component of GNOME, as its default browser application, and came with recommendations and instructions to optionally compile and run GNU IceCat.[21][22] gNewSense 3.0 retains Web as the default browser, but also comes with a modified version of Debian's Iceweasel that does not offer to access proprietary add-ons.[23] Debian is another Linux distribution known for strict licensing requirements and adherence to free software principles. While both Debian and gNewSense rigorously exclude non-free software and binary blobs from their official releases, Debian maintains and hosts unofficial repositories of non-free software and firmware binaries, and Debian free software sometimes depends upon or suggests the optional installation of proprietary software, under the theory that users' own informed discretion about the use of such software should be paramount, as expressed in Clause 5 of the Debian Social Contract[24] (though Debian's democratic project management has seen this stance become a source of recurrent controversy[25][26]). gNewSense, by contrast, does not provide any packages which depend on or suggest the use of non-free software, firmware, extensions, or plugins, nor does the gNewSense Project provide convenience-access to proprietary software for any reason, seeing this as an abrogation of the commitment to the development of free software solutions. Similar to Debian, gNewSense policies do not allow including documentation that are licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License with invariant sections.[27] This includes many manuals and documentation released by the GNU Project themselves. While gNewSense was initially forked from Ubuntu (itself originally a fork of Debian) as a result of founding developer Paul O'Malley's prior work with Ubuntu, as of gNewSense 3.0 the distribution has tracked Debian as the base for its software distribution. In part this has been because the Debian Project does carefully disaggregate the free software in its official distribution from the proprietary software it provides courtesy access to.[28] Indeed, many of the packages, including Debian-particular packages (such as Iceweasel and Icedove) ported to gNewSense are simply modified in such a way that they no longer provide such courtesy access to non-free software options.[23] Limitations{{See also|Software remastering}}Since gNewSense's repositories contain only free software, support for hardware which requires firmware and for which no free firmware exists (such as some wireless network cards) is not available.[29] By May 1, 2008, 3D graphics and application support had also been removed[30] because of licensing issues[31] with Mesa 3D. After January 13, 2009, those issues had been resolved and 3D support became standard starting with the 2.2 release.[32] ReceptionIn reviewing gNewSense 3.0 in August 2013, Jesse Smith of DistroWatch noted that many of the applications provided, including OpenOffice.org 3, Debian's de-blobbed 2.6.32 Linux kernel (based on Linux-libre tools[33]), Iceweasel 3.5 and GNOME 2.30 were quite out of date. Smith concluded this review with the following words:[29] Richard Stallman (founder and president of the Free Software Foundation) said he used gNewSense in January 2010[34] and he was still using it in April 2014.[35] Since then Stallman has switched to Trisquel.[36] Serdar Yegulalp reviewed gNewSense for InfoWorld.[37] He is said: {{quote|The base of gNewSense is the Debian distribution, which already excludes proprietary binary blobs and unfree software but provides access to them via repositories. But gNewSense goes further: It doesn't even include access to such software in its repositories. Its documentation also includes only material that's compatible with the GNU Free Documentation License.}} In the post on Network World of gNewSense 3.1 in February 2014, Bryan Lunduke reviewed this Linux distribution with following words:[38] {{quote|In fact, the stock installation of gNewSense – thanks, in large part, to using older and lighter versions of popular software – is incredibly fast and astoundingly un-taxing on your hardware. The whole system, when logged in with no additional software running, uses roughly 105 MB of RAM. So this plucky little distro will perform well on even modest hardware.}} See also{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/gnewsense-users/2016-05/msg00000.html |title=[gNewSense-users] gNewSense 4.0 released |publisher=Lists.nongnu.org |date=2016-05-02 |accessdate=2016-05-02}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/gnewsense-dev/2014-12/msg00000.html|title=Ucclia alpha 1|publisher=gNewSense-dev mailing list}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html |title=List of Free GNU/Linux Distributions - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation |publisher=Gnu.org |date= |accessdate=2013-06-23}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://wiki.gnewsense.org/Main/CommunityGuidelines |title=Community guidelines – gNewSense GNU/Linux |publisher=Wiki.gnewsense.org |date=2010-04-30 |accessdate=2011-07-02}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fsf.org/news/gnewsense |title=gNewSense 1.0 released – Free Software Foundation |publisher=Fsf.org |date= |accessdate=2011-07-02}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=gnewsense |title=DistroWatch.com: gNewSense |accessdate=2012-09-13}} 7. ^{{Cite news|url = http://www.gnewsense.org/Main/HomePage|title = News|accessdate = 22 January 2012|last = Goetz |first = K.|date = 12 October 2011| work = gNewSense}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.gnewsense.org/FAQ#Why_is_gNewSense_3_based_on_Debian_instead_of_Ubuntu.3F |title=FAQ – gNewSense GNU/Linux |publisher=gNewSense |accessdate=2014-07-19}} 9. ^1 {{cite news|url = http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/08/gnewsense-drops-ubuntu-for-latest-release|title = gNewSense 3 Released, Is No Longer Based on Ubuntu|accessdate = 10 August 2013|last = Sneddon|first = Joey|date = 8 August 2013| work = OMG Ubuntu}} 10. ^Introduction to the Desktop Environment gnewsense.org 11. ^Using the Live CD gnewsense.org 12. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=gNewSense-4-Released |title=FSF-Approved gNewSense 4 GNU/Linux Distribution Released - Phoronix|accessdate = 31 March 2019|last = Larabel |first = Michael|date = 6 May 2016}} 13. ^Using gNewSense gnewsense.org 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gnewsense.org/Main/Download|title=Download - gNewSense GNU/Linux|publisher=|accessdate=26 May 2015}} 15. ^[https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20130826#feature Freedom and gNewSense 3.0], DistroWatch Weekly 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/gnewsense-dev/2015-10/msg00007.html|title=gNewSense-dev mailing list}} 17. ^[https://trisquel.info/en/forum/release-gnewsense-4-beta-codenamed-ucclia] 18. ^[Gnewsense-dev] gNewSense 5 19. ^[https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=gNewSense-5-Planning gNewSense 5 Hopes To Be A Speedier Release Of The FSF-Approved Linux OS - Phoronix] 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gnewsense.org/Main/PressRelease20070122|title=gNewSense Official Website | Main / PressRelease20070122 |publisher=Gnewsense.org |date=2007-01-22 |accessdate=2011-07-02}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gnewsense.org/MainRepo/Firefox|title=gNewSense MainRepo (old)|accessdate=2014-08-24}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gnewsense.org/Documentation/3/MiscellaneousGuides/CompileGnuIcecatSeventeen|title=gNewSense 3.0 IceCat Compile Instructions|accessdate=2014-08-24}} 23. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.gnewsense.org/Documentation/3/DifferencesWithDebian|title=gNewSense 3.0 Documentation, Differences with Debian|accessdate=2014-08-24}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.debian.org/social_contract|title=Debian Social Contract}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.debian.org/vote/2004/vote_002|title=2004: Debian General Resolution: Status of the non-free section}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.debian.org/vote/2006/vote_007|title=2006: Debian General Resolution: Handling source-less firmware in the Linux kernel}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gnewsense.org/LicenceInformationUpdate|title=LicenceInformationUpdate - gNewSense GNU/Linux|publisher=Gnewsense.org|accessdate=2013-08-07}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gnewsense.org/FAQ|title=gNewSense FAQ}} 29. ^1 {{cite news|url = http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20130826#feature |title = Freedom and gNewSense 3.0|accessdate = 31 August 2013|last = Smith|first = Jesse|date = 26 August 2013| work = DistroWatch}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gnewsense.org/Main/Deltah |title=Main/Deltah – gNewSense GNU/Linux |publisher=Gnewsense.org |date= |accessdate=2011-07-02}} 31. ^xserver-xorg: wordy SGI license may not be free {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927044147/http://bugs.gnewsense.org/Bugs/00129 |date=2008-09-27 }} bugs.gnewsense.org 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/2009-01-xorg-glx |title=3D graphics are 100% free software — Free Software Foundation — working together for free software |publisher=Fsf.org |date= |accessdate=2011-07-02}} 33. ^{{cite web|url=http://bzr.savannah.gnu.org/lh/gnewsense/packages-parkes/linux-2.6/view/head:/debian/README.gNewSense|title=/gnewsense/packages-parkes/linux-2.6 : contents of debian/README.gNewSense at revision 16|work=gnu.org|accessdate=31 January 2017}} 34. ^{{cite web |url=http://richard.stallman.usesthis.com/ |title=An interview with Richard Stallman |publisher=Richard.stallman.usesthis.com |date=2010-01-23 |accessdate=2011-07-02}} 35. ^{{cite web|author=Vito Gentile |url=http://www.html.it/articoli/gnulinux-meeting-2014-richard-stallman-e-approdato-a-palermo/ |title=GNU/Linux Meeting 2014: Richard Stallman approda a Palermo |language=it |publisher=HTML.it |date= |accessdate=2014-04-19}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=https://stallman.org/stallman-computing.html|title=How I do my Computing|publisher=|accessdate=26 May 2015}} 37. ^[https://www.infoworld.com/article/3067280/open-source-tools/free-as-can-be-gnewsense-is-true-gnu-linux.html Free as can be: gNewSense is true GNU Linux | InfoWorld] 38. ^[https://www.networkworld.com/article/2226377/opensource-subnet/gnewsense-3-1--the-fsf-approved-linux-distro-that-s-stuck-in-2010.html gNewSense 3.1: The FSF-approved Linux distro that's stuck in 2010 | Network World] External links{{commons category}}
4 : 2006 software|Debian-based distributions|Free software only Linux distributions|Operating system distributions bootable from read-only media |
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