词条 | Godzilla in popular culture |
释义 |
As an enduring and iconic symbol of post-World War II cinematic history,[1] Godzilla, the King of the Monsters, has been referenced and parodied numerous times in popular culture.[2] Godzilla and other atomic monsters have appeared in a variety of mediums, including cartoons,[3] film, literature, television, and video games. Toho, the Japanese company which owns the licensing rights to Godzilla, has in recent years become aggressive about protecting its intellectual property and has sued or sent cease-and-desist letters to individuals, groups or businesses it believes may be infringing upon its rights. Name usage{{Main|-zilla}}"-zilla" is a well-known slang suffix, used to imply some form of excess to a person, object or theme;[4] some examples being the reality show Bridezillas and the Netscape-derived web browser Mozilla Firefox. "-Zilla" is rumored to mean "reptilian" as shown in the kaiju name, "Zilla". It has no word before its meaning, therefore it is not purely a suffix. This puts into question whether or not the shows/browser above are abusing the term. The Mesozoic reptile Gojirasaurus quayi is a Triassic coelophysid named in Godzilla's honor. Over five meters in length, it was one of the larger predators of the period. The species was discovered in New Mexico by paleontologist Kenneth Carpenter, who is an admitted Godzilla fan.[5] Dakosaurus andiniensis is a marine reptile of the Jurassic Period. It had a uniquely defined head similar to that of theropod dinosaurs, which has led to researchers nicknaming the species "Godzilla".[6]On at least two occasions, the name Godzilla has been used as a nickname for athletes. Former Washington Capitals and Tampa Bay Lightning goaltender Olaf Kolzig went by the nickname "Godzilla" (sometimes shortened to "'Zilla") and had a depiction of the monster painted on his goalie mask. Japanese former baseball player Hideki Matsui also had the nickname "Godzilla" which represents his powerful hitting. Matsui had a cameo in the film Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla. The Nissan GT-R sports car was famously nicknamed "Godzilla" by the Australian motoring publication Wheels in its July 1989 edition - a name that has stuck to this day. This became one of the subjects of the car games. Film and televisionGodzilla has been featured in 32 films from 1954 to today. The Godzilla films have carved out an enduring and resonant place for themselves in cinematic history.[7] As such, motifs from the series have been echoed, parodied or paid tribute to in numerous later films. Godzilla movies were frequently a target for commentary by the Mystery Science Theater 3000 television series which parodied B-movies. Bambi Meets Godzilla is the title of a humorous 1969 Canadian cartoon created entirely by Marv Newland. In 1994 it was voted #38 of the 50 Greatest Cartoons of all time by members of the animation field. Only two minutes long, this cartoon is considered a classic by many animation fans.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}} Hanna-Barbera created an animated TV series about Godzilla in 1978. The series lasted two seasons.[8] Tri-Star and Sony created another animated TV series in 1998 that was a sequel to the first American remake. This series also only lasted for two seasons.[9] Godzilla has appeared in many Robot Chicken parodies. In one, for instance, Godzilla and his wife are lying in bed and his wife says "I don't know, maybe if we use some toys?" then Mechagodzilla walks into frame cheering with a dildo coming out of his chest.[10] Godzilla made a cameo appearance (in a clip from Godzilla vs. Biollante) in the 1996 comedy, Mars Attacks!. Godzilla also made an appearance in the Happy Tree Friends episode, 'Wingin' It' when he attacks Flaky. A Godzilla action figure was present all throughout the sitcom Roseanne from the series premiere to the series finale. Steven Spielberg cited Godzilla as an inspiration for Jurassic Park (1993), specifically Godzilla, King of the Monsters! (1956), which he grew up watching.[11] During its production, Spielberg described Godzilla as "the most masterful of all the dinosaur movies because it made you believe it was really happening."[12] Godzilla also influenced the Spielberg film Jaws (1995).[13][14]In the 2004 Disney/Pixar film The Incredibles' 2018 sequel, The Incredibles 2, Dash asks the Parr family if he could be excused from dinner. Then, he runs to the bed and turns on the television. A monster movie can be seen on the television and it is supposed to be a kaiju resembling Godzilla. VariationsVariations (some very subtle) on the Godzilla roar can be heard.[15] These variations include:
Godzilla’s roar
Literature{{See also|Godzilla (comics)}}Many books have been released pertaining to Godzilla and the Godzilla series, including various collection books and manga.{{citation needed|date=October 2010}} Gojiro is the 1991 debut novel by former Esquire columnist Mark Jacobson. It reinterprets the Godzilla film series from the perspective of the daikaiju—not a fictional creature depicted on-screen via suitmation, but an irradiated varanid–turned–B-movie star named Gojiro (an homage to Gojira, the Japanese name for Godzilla). Random House Publishing produced four novels for teens and young adults by Marc Cerasini based on Godzilla, respectively entitled Godzilla Returns (1996), Godzilla 2000 (1997 (which had no relation to the film that would later use that name)), Godzilla at World's End (1998) and Godzilla vs. the Robot Monsters (1999). A fifth novel, also by Cerasini, Godzilla and the Lost Continent, was planned for 1999 but never published. These books, as well as four novels aimed at juvenile readers in their late childhood and early teenage years by Scott Ciencin, respectively entitled Godzilla, King of the Monsters (1996 (which was not connected to the American version of the original film that used that name)), Godzilla Invades America (1997), Journey to Monster Island (1998) and Godzilla vs. the Space Monster (1998), and several picture books aimed at younger readers ages four and up, were produced during the late 1990s and the early half of 2000. Some of the novels written by Marc Cerasini present Godzilla as a force of nature much like in the Heisei series, neither truly good nor evil, with Mothra appearing in two of the books as a benevolent, supernatural and sentient creature who occasionally made a point to help people when monsters threatened the Earth. Comic adaptionsGodzilla has appeared in Marvel and Dark Horse Comics, both times under the title Godzilla, King of the Monsters. Marvel's run was produced in the late 70s and lasted 24 issues, while Dark Horse had the license for the creature's American appearances since the late 80s onwards and produced a 17-issue run, along with various other appearances and special issues. Dark Horse also produced a six-issue miniseries which was a translated version of a manga adaptation of the Japanese version of the 16th Godzilla film, The Return of Godzilla (a.k.a. Godzilla 1985 in its American release), under the title Godzilla and it was later collected into a graphic novel under the same title. The character Warlock of the New Mutants took on the shape of Godzilla as he appeared in King Kong vs. Godzilla in Web of Spider-Man Annual #2 (1986). Marvel has recently re-released their series in book form as Essential Godzilla, King of the Monsters, which collects the entire 24-issue run. IDW Publishing has also produced various comics based on the Godzilla character since 2011; these include Godzilla: Legends and Godzilla: The Half-Century War. Video games{{Main|List of Godzilla games}}The first Godzilla game was an unofficial game made by The Code Works for the Commodore 64 PC in 1983.[16] Godzilla would make his first official appearance three years later as one of the playable monsters in The Movie Monster Game by Epyx also for the Commodore 64 PC.[17] (In 1983, a Godzilla knock-off called Goshzilla appeared in this games predecessor, Crush, Crumble and Chomp!).[18] Godzilla would get his own games on the NES such as Monster of Monsters and War of the Monsters. He had his own game on the original Game Boy simply titled Godzilla. Godzilla would make an unauthorized appearance in early versions of the game Revenge Of Shinobi. Because of the copyright issues, he was removed from latter releases. For the newer consoles he appeared in the game Destroy All Monsters Melee, the first in a running series of Godzilla games. It has since been followed by Save the Earth and Unleashed. Godzilla has also appeared in Godzilla Generations and Godzilla Generations: Maximum Impact! in Japan. A game for the Tristar Godzilla was released, based on the cartoon show Godzilla: The Series and shared the name of the series when it was released on Game Boy Color. A sequel to this game followed with "Godzilla: The Series - Monster Wars" (also for Game Boy Color). The computer game Sim City also featured Godzilla. One scenario in Sim City is Tokyo, Japan 1954 showing Godzilla destroying the city. The Rampage series of video games is heavily inspired by Godzilla and King Kong films. Players take control of gigantic monsters as they destroy all the buildings in a city and survive onslauts of military forces. One of the monsters is a female lizard/dinosaur monster named Lizzie, who resembles and is clearly based on Godzilla. In an issue of Nintendo Power in an advertisement for the Rampage: World Tour game for the Game Boy Color, they give the reason why Lizzie is destructive is because she broke up with Godzilla and is taking her anger out on the world. The Pokémon series features Tyranitar, a Pokémon directly influenced by Godzilla. Its powered-up form, "Mega Tyranitar", bears an even greater resemblance to the King of Monsters, with similar body proportions. In the 2011 iPhone app Tiny Pets doing Halloween, Rosie the Flamingo (one of the pets) was dressing up as Godzilla. In The Pre-Sequel! "Iwajira", a boss in the game, gets his name from a combination of the word Iwa, which means rock in Japanese, and the end of the name Gojira, which is Godzilla's actual Japanese name. MusicIn 1977, Blue Öyster Cult had a major hit, "Godzilla," from their album Spectres. The song is a tongue-in-cheek tribute. Scottish indie group Ballboy included a song called "Godzilla vs The Island of Manhattan (With You and I Somewhere in Between)" on their 2008 album I Worked On The Ships. On the album cover of Stomping Ground for the band Goldfinger, the members of the band are featured as human versions of Godzilla monsters; one member is even seen using Godzilla's trademark atomic breath and Mothra is seen in the background. The album cover of Teri Yakimoto for the band Guttermouth features a picture of Godzilla. The French metal band Gojira acquired their name from the original Japanese name of Godzilla. Brazilian metal band Sepultura has a song titled "Biotech is Godzilla", co-written with Jello Biafra, which remarks on the impacts of biotechnology in contemporary life. The song is featured in their 1993 album, Chaos A.D.. R&B recording artist Ginuwine sampled the Godzilla roar on the song "What's So Different" from his 1998 sophomore album 100% Ginuwine. Rapper MF DOOM recorded an album titled Take Me to Your Leader under the alias King Geedorah, inspired by Godzilla's famous three-headed nemesis, King Ghidorah. Oakland, CA rapper Yukmouth titled his third album Godzilla. The rapper also used the monster's name for an independent record label, but closed it down after receiving pressure from Toho in May 2007. In the musical The Book of Mormon in the song "Two By Two", Mothra is referenced when one Latter Day Saint is given his mission to Japan. Pharoahe Monch's song "Simon Says" uses sound clips from the movie Godzilla vs. Mothra. The heavy metal band Iron Maiden uses Godzilla footage on their music video "Number of the Beast". Pop singer Kesha has a song describing a relationship with Godzilla on her 2017 album, Rainbow. Godzilla was mentioned in Ultimate Showdown of Ultimate Destiny song lyrics. Punk rock band Adrenalin O.D. have two instrumental songs titled "A.O.D. Vs. Godzilla" and "A.O.D. Vs. Son of Godzilla" on their albums The Wacky Hi-Jinks of Adrenalin O.D. and Humungusfungusamongus. Parodies
In a later story, Usagi ends up using a magical sumi writing set to create a grown version of Zylla in order to fight a number of monsters created by that particular writing set.[20]
HotelJ.W. Marriott opened on April 24, 2015 in the Shinjuku district of Tokyo a 30-storey Hotel Gracery.[22] The hotel is in background of massive kaiju statue.[23] The structure of the Hotel was built by Shinjuku Toho Kaikan theater in Kabuki.[24] The Mayor of Tokyo District Shinjuku Kenichi Yoshizumi awarded an actor in a Godzilla suit special resident and tourism ambassador status, presenting a residency certificate to Toho executive Minami Ichikawa on behalf of Godzilla.[25]Promotional useIn 1992, a Nike commercial aired featuring Godzilla and Charles Barkley going head to head, playing basketball in a cityscape. Charles Barkley gave Godzilla an elbow to the face on the way to a slam dunk after the latter tried to slap the ball away from Barkley using his tail. The advertisement received positive reception and inspired a brief T-shirt line, a series of posters and its own comic book by Dark Horse Comics. Lawsuits associated with usagePharoahe Monch released his first single in 1999 called "Simon Says." The song became a major hit; however, he was later sued for the use of a Godzilla sample for the beat and forced to remove the song from the album as a result. In 2010 the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society named their most recently acquired scout vessel MV Gojira. In May 2011 the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society was served with a notice from the copyright holders of the Godzilla franchise, regarding the unauthorized use of the trademark. The Society promptly changed the vessel's name to the MV Brigitte Bardot in honor of the French fashion model, actress, and singer whom Paul Watson, the founder of Sea Shepherd, took on an anti-sealing trip in 1977.[26] A Seattle video game retailer was founded as Pink Godzilla Games and was known by that name for many years, when Toho, owner of the Godzilla franchise, claimed the store was infringing upon its trademark. Pink Godzilla announced in 2009 that it would change its name to Pink Gorilla rather than engage in a legal fight.[27] ReceptionThe character Godzilla has received acclaim and is one of the most recognizable symbols of Japanese popular culture worldwide. Audiences respond positively to the character because he acts out of rage and self-preservation and shows where science and technology can go wrong. Godzilla was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 1996 MTV Movie Awards. He is one of only three fictional characters to date ever granted the award. He also received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2004. WatchMojo.com listed Godzilla as #1 on their "Top 10 Giant Movie Monsters" list. Wizard ranked Godzilla as the #44 greatest villain of all time. References1. ^Godzilla and Postwar Japan {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070904073214/http://www.international.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=24850 |date=2007-09-04 }} - "William M. Tsutsui (Univ. of Kansas) explores the role of the Godzilla film series in popular culture" 2. ^In Godzilla's Footsteps: Japanese Pop Culture Icons on the Global Stage ed. by William M. Tsutsui, Michiko Ito. Palgrave Macmillan, 2006 {{ISBN|1-4039-6461-0}} 3. ^Professor Ferenc M. Szasz and Issei Takechi, "Atomic Heroes and Atomic Monsters: American and Japanese Cartoonists Confront the Onset of the Nuclear Age, 1945-80," The Historian 69.4 (Winter 2007): 728-752. 4. ^William Tsutsui (2004) "Godzilla on My Mind", p,8. 5. ^J.D. Lees, Marc Cerasini (May 1998) The Official Godzilla Compendium, p,106. 6. ^Gasparini Z, Pol D, Spalletti LA. 2006. An unusual marine crocodyliform from the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary of Patagonia. Science 311: 70-73. 7. ^{{cite book|last=Lazar, Karlan & Salter|first=Allan, Dan & Jeremy|title=The 101 Most Influential People Who Never Lived|year=2006|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|location=New York City, NY|pages=78–80}} 8. ^{{cite web |title=Godzilla |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0177814/ |publisher=IMDb |accessdate=2009}} 9. ^{{cite web |title=Godzilla The Series |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0177443/|publisher=IMDb|accessdate=2010}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Godzilla Sex Toys|url=http://video.adultswim.com/robot-chicken/godzilla-sex-toys.html|publisher=Robot Chicken}} 11. ^{{cite book |last1=Ryfle |first1=Steve |title=Japan's Favorite Mon-star: The Unauthorized Biography of "The Big G" |date=1998 |publisher=ECW Press |isbn=9781550223484 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cqSOkywWeX4C&pg=PA15}} 12. ^{{cite book |last1=Ryfle |first1=Steve |title=Japan's Favorite Mon-star: The Unauthorized Biography of "The Big G" |date=1998 |publisher=ECW Press |isbn=9781550223484 |page=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cqSOkywWeX4C&pg=PA17}} 13. ^{{cite book |last1=Freer |first1=Ian |title=The Complete Spielberg |date=2001 |publisher=Virgin Books |isbn=9780753505564 |page=48 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vGRZAAAAMAAJ}} 14. ^{{cite book |last1=Derry |first1=Charles |title=Dark Dreams: A Psychological History of the Modern Horror Film |date=1977 |publisher=A. S. Barnes |isbn=9780498019159 |page=82 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3O0AAAAIAAJ}} 15. ^{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=raG2XKBz3Eo |title=Godzilla: "Sound Effects" |publisher=YouTube |date= |accessdate=2010-11-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515185759/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=raG2XKBz3Eo |archivedate=2016-05-15 |df= }} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lemon64.com/?mainurl=http%3A//www.lemon64.com/games/details.php%3FID%3D1065|title=Godzilla: 1983|publisher=lemon64|accessdate=May 14, 2013}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lemon64.com/?mainurl=http%3A//www.lemon64.com/games/details.php%3FID%3D1729|title=The Movie Monster Game|publisher=lemon64|accessdate=May 14, 2013}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lemon64.com/?mainurl=http%3A//www.lemon64.com/games/details.php%3FID%3D576|title=Crush, Crumble & Chomp|publisher=lemon64|accessdate=May 14, 2013}} 19. ^Usagi Yojimbo Vol.1 #6, "Zylla" 20. ^Usagi Yojimbo Vol.3 #68, "Sumi-e" 21. ^{{cite episode| title = Brazilla vs. Rodney| series = The Wayans Bros.| serieslink = The Wayans Bros.| network = The WB Television Network| airdate = 24 May 1995| minutes = 21}} 22. ^{{cite news | title = Godzilla Hotel Opening in Japan| date = 2009-06-14 | url = http://www.dreadcentral.com/news/90955/godzilla-hotel-opening-japan/| work = DC| accessdate = 2014-02-12}} 23. ^{{cite news | title =Get a Good Night’s Sleep in Japan’s Godzilla Hotel| date = 2015-02-24 | url = http://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3333601/get-good-nights-sleep-japans-godzilla-hotel/| work = DC| accessdate = 2015-02-24}} 24. ^{{cite news | title =Toho To Open "GODZILLA"-Themed Movie Theater| date = 2015-02-24 | url = http://www.fangoria.com/new/toho-to-open-godzilla-themed-movie-theater/| work = Fangoria| accessdate = 2015-02-24}} 25. ^Godzilla officially a resident of Shinjuku 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/news-110525-1.html |title=The Beast Transforms into a Beauty as Godzilla Becomes the Brigitte Bardot |work=Sea Shepherd News |publisher=Sea Shepherd Conservation Society |date=25 May 2011 |accessdate=2 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703225105/http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/news-110525-1.html |archivedate=3 July 2011 |df= }} 27. ^{{cite news | title = Pink Godzilla Games is changing their name | date = 2009-06-14 | url = http://blog.seattlepi.com/digitaljoystick/2009/06/14/pink-godzilla-games-is-changing-their-name/ | work = seattlepi.com | accessdate = 2014-02-12}} External links
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