| 词条 | Gohar Ayub Khan |
| 释义 |
|name = Gohar Ayub Khan گوہر ایوب خان |office = Minister of Foreign Affairs |primeminister = Nawaz Sharif |term_start = 25 February 1997 |term_end = 7 August 1998 |predecessor = Sahabzada Yaqub Khan (Acting) |successor = Sartaj Aziz |office1 = Speaker of the National Assembly |deputy1 = Nawaz Khokhar |term_start1 = 4 November 1990 |term_end1 = 17 October 1993 |predecessor1 = Malik Meraj Khalid |successor1 = Yousaf Raza Gillani |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1937|1|8|df=y}} |birth_place = Rehana, British Raj (now Pakistan) |death_date = |death_place = |party = Pakistan Muslim League (Before 1977) Independence Movement (1977–1985) Pakistan Muslim League- Functional (1985–1988) Pakistan Muslim League- Nawaz (1988–present) |otherparty = Islamic Democratic Alliance (1988–1990) |alma_mater = Royal Military Academy Sandhurst |nickname = Kaptaan |allegiance = {{PAK}} |branch = {{army|PAK}} |serviceyears = 1957–1962 |rank = Captain |unit = 1/14 Punjab |battles = 1958 Pakistani coup d'état }} Gohar Ayub Khan ({{lang-ur|گوہر ایوب خان}}; born 15 January 1937), is a Pakistani politician, business oligarch, retired army officer, and conservative figure of the Pakistan Muslim League, who held ministerial positions during the administration of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. Gohar Ayub Khan hails from the village of Rehana, located in the Haripur District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and belongs to the Tareen tribe of ethnic Hazarawal Pashtuns, He is fluent in Hindko and Pashto. He is the son of former President Field Marshal Ayub Khan and played an influential role in sustaining his father's presidential rule after the 1965 presidential elections. Educated at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, after graduation Gohar Ayub Khan was given a commission in Pakistan Army in 1959. During his military service he served as his father's aide-de-camp, travelling with him on several foreign trips. Upon his resignation in 1962 with the rank of Captain, he established a business conglomerate and entered in politics in 1974. He first contested the 1977 general elections through the Independence Movement platform, but later joined the Islamic Democratic Alliance (IDA) in 1988. After the 1990 general elections he was appointed as the fourteenth Speaker of the National Assembly. He became the 20th Minister of Foreign Affairs after securing his seat with a heavy margin in the 1997 general elections. Later he shifted to the energy department, serving as Minister for Water and Power beginning 7 August 1998. His term abruptly ended on 12 October 1999, by General Pervez Musharraf, and he subsequently retired from national politics. Early life and military careerGohar Ayub Khan was born in the village of Rehana, in Haripur District during the British Raj in the North-West Frontier Province (present day Khyber Pakhtunkwa) into a military family on 15 January 1937.[1] Although a Hindko speaker, Gohar Ayub is ethnically a Pashtun (or Pashtuns) of the Tarin tribe. His father, Ayub Khan, was a senior commanding officer in the British Army and later ascended to staff and field operational assignments in the Pakistan Army. Ayub Khan subsequently became President of Pakistan through a bloodless military coup that commenced in 1958. Gohar Ayub was sent to study at the military-controlled Army Burn Hall College and eventually moved on to attend St. Mary's Academy private school in Rawalpindi.[2] Gohar Ayub joined the Pakistan Army in 1957, and trained at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in the United Kingdom.[2] Upon his return from the UK, he began serving active duty with the Pakistan Army and started to work on staff appointments. In 1958 he began to serve as his father's aide-de-camp, travelling with him on several foreign trips throughout Europe, the Americas, the Soviet Union and Asia.[2] He did not rise beyond the rank of Captain during his time in the army, despite his father's support.[1] In his army records, there are allegations of professional and behavioral misconduct.[1] Gohar Ayub was prematurely given retirement in 1962 by the Army's Promotion Branch, despite his father's efforts to stop the investigations against his son. After his early retirement he and his father-in-law, General (retired) Habibullah Khan established a private industrial firm, the Universal Insurance Co. Ltd.[1] PoliticsBusiness wealth and net worthGohar Ayub co-established an industrial firm under the business umbrella of Universal Insurance company Limited, founded by his father-in-law.[3] During a short span of time, Ayub Khan intensified pro-Western and pro-Capitalism policies, and Gohar Ayub emerged as a powerful business oligarch.[3] There is no evidence that suggests Gohar Ayub secured all these positions with the consent of his father.[3] In 1969, a Western commentator estimated Gohar Ayub's personal wealth at $4 million, while his family's wealth was put in the range of $10–20 million.[4] In 2016 it has been said his personal wealth has become $15 million. Role in the 1965 presidential electionGohar Ayub reportedly played an influential, but controversial, role in Karachi after his father's election in the allegedly rigged 1965 Presidential elections against Fatima Jinnah.[5] Gohar Ayub is said to have led a victory parade right into the heartland of opposition territory in Karachi. This move led to fierce clashes between rival political groups.[6][7][8][9] Gohar Ayub also faced criticism during that time on questions of family corruption and cronyism through his business links with his father-in-law.[5] Speaker of the National AssemblyGohar Ayub had been a long-standing member of the Pakistan Muslim League and was elected five times to the National Assembly from his home constituency. He first successfully contested a presidential election in March 1965 on a Muslim League platform. In 1977, he contested the National Assembly seat from Peshawar Jail and was elected on the ticket of Asghar Khan's Independence Movement party, defeating the candidate Akhtar Nawaz Khan of the Pakistan People's Party. After successfully contesting the 1990 general elections, Gohar Ayub was appointed as the 14th Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan on 4 November 1990, remaining until 1993. He was succeeded by Yousaf Raza Gillani (later Prime minister) after the 1993 general elections. Gohar Ayub also served as senior vice-president of the Pakistan Muslim League from 1990 to 1993. After his re-election in the 1993 general elections, Gohar Ayub became deputy leader of the opposition in the National Assembly. Foreign affairs and water and power ministryAfter securing a heavy mandate from his constituency, Gohar Ayub was appointed as the 20th Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1997 by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. Gohar Ayub publicly backed Prime Minister Sharif in authorizing a nuclear testing programme in response to India's nuclear test in May 1998.[10] Although the prime minister was much more subdued, Gohar Ayub reportedly issued hostile statements and began to call for atomic tests in response to India.[10] He prematurely issued media reports to the media, which reportedly displeased the prime minister.[10] On 7 August 1998, Gohar Ayub was replaced by economic minister Sartaj Aziz (who put forth efforts to make peace between India and Pakistan), and was reassigned as Minister for Water and Power, a position he filled until he was ousted and forced to resign on 12 October 1999 as a result of a military coup commenced by General Pervez Musharraf. Gohar Ayub's relationship with Nawaz Sharif eventually became strained, causing Gohar Ayub to leave the Pakistan Muslim League in 1999. Gohar Ayub defected to the Pakistan Muslim League's splinter group in 2001. He was appointed as the first secretary general of the party. Unable to contest the 2002 election because of a graduation degree restriction introduced by Pervez Musharraf, Gohar Ayub instead endorsed and provide vital support to his family. His younger son, Omar Ayub Khan, won his Haripur District seat, while his wife Zeb Gohar Ayub was elected MNA on the reserved women seats. To date, Gohar Ayub's strongest political opponent in his constituency has been former Chief Minister Raja Sikander Zaman. Post-retirement and controversiesAfter his retirement from national politics in 2002, Gohar Ayub wrote Glimpses into the Corridors of Power and published his father's diary.[11] He opposed the proposal to rename the NWFP to Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, while supporting the creation of a separate Hazara province. See also
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|last=Raman |first=B |title=Campaign against Field Marshal Sam |url=http://southasiaanalysis.org/%5Cpapers23%5Cpaper2237.html |publisher=South Asia Analysis Group |accessdate=26 May 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613040928/http://southasiaanalysis.org/papers23/paper2237.html |archivedate=13 June 2010 |df=dmy }} {{s-start}}{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before=Malik Meraj Khalid}}{{s-ttl|title=Speaker of the National Assembly|years=1990–1993}}{{s-aft|after=Yousaf Raza Gillani}}2. ^1 2 {{cite web|last=PR|title=Gohar Ayub Khan|url=http://meraharipur.com/Personalities/Political/Gohar_Ayub_Khan.html|publisher=Mera Haripur|accessdate=26 May 2012}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Rizvi|first=Hassan Askari|title=The military and politics|year=2000|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2000|location=Lahore, Pakistan|isbn=9789693511482|pages=164–382|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xMreAAAAMAAJ&q=gohar+ayub+khan&dq=gohar+ayub+khan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BUXBT-3tPO_WiAKIlZDtBw&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBQ}} 4. ^Pick, Franz, World Currency report. April 1969 5. ^1 {{cite web|agency=Associated Press |title=Pakistan's Chief son is called Killer |url=http://criticalppp.com/archives/9407 |work=1965 |publisher=Pakistan Peoples Party and New York Times Services |accessdate=26 May 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328043751/http://criticalppp.com/archives/9407 |archivedate=28 March 2012 |df=dmy }} 6. ^A Sorry Beginning – Time, Retrieved 25 August 2015 7. ^Who did the Massacre of 4 January 1965 in Karachi 8. ^The Great Muhajir Massacre of 1965 9. ^Mazari, Sherbaz 1999. A journey into disillusionment. Oxford University Press 10. ^1 2 {{cite web|last=Sublette|first=Carey|title=Initial Reactions|url=http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/India/IndiaShakti.html|work=30 March 2001|publisher=Nuclear Weapon Archive, 1998|accessdate=27 May 2012}} 11. ^Khan, Ayub (26 April 2007) Diaries of Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan, 1966–1972. OUP Pakistan {{ISBN|0-19-547442-2}} |-{{s-bef|before=Sahabzada Yaqub Khan Acting}}{{s-ttl|title=Minister of Foreign Affairs|years=1997–1998}}{{s-aft|after=Sartaj Aziz}}{{s-end}}{{Speaker National Assembly Pakistan}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Gohar Ayub}} 19 : 1937 births|Ayub Khan family|Foreign Ministers of Pakistan|Hindkowan people|Living people|Nawaz Sharif administration|Pakistan Army officers|Pakistan Muslim League (N) politicians|Pakistani chief executives|Pakistani industrialists|People from Haripur District|Speakers of the National Assembly of Pakistan|Children of national leaders|Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany|Children of Presidents of Pakistan|Pakistani MNAs 1977|Pakistani MNAs 1990–93|Pakistani MNAs 1993–96|Pakistani MNAs 1997–99 |
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