| 词条 | Golden age of alpinism |
| 释义 |
The golden age of alpinism was the decade in mountaineering between Alfred Wills's ascent of the Wetterhorn in 1854[1] and Edward Whymper's ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865, during which many major peaks in the Alps saw their first ascents.[2][3][4] Prominent figuresWith its beginning slightly predating the formation of the Alpine Club in London in 1857, the golden age was dominated by British alpinists and their Swiss and French guides. Prominent figures of the period include Lord Francis Douglas, Paul Grohmann, Florence Crauford Grove, Charles Hudson, E. S. Kennedy, William Mathews, A. W. Moore, Leslie Stephen, Francis Fox Tuckett, John Tyndall, Horace Walker and Edward Whymper. Well-known guides of the era include Christian Almer, Jakob Anderegg, Melchior Anderegg, {{illm|Johann Joseph Benet|de||es|Johann Joseph Bennen|fr|Johann Joseph Bennen}}, {{illm|Peter Bohren|de||fr|}}, Jean-Antoine Carrel, Michel Croz, {{illm|Ulrich Kaufmann|de|Ulrich Kaufmann (Bergführer)|fr||pt|}} and Johannes Zumtaugwald. Walker's sister Lucy also attained some notable firsts during the period, including the first ascent of the Balmhorn (1864), and later several first female ascents. In the early years of the "golden age", scientific pursuits were intermixed with the sport. More often than not, the mountaineers carried a variety of instruments up the mountain with them to be used for scientific observations. The physicist John Tyndall was the most prominent of the scientists. Among the non-scientist mountaineers, the literary critic Leslie Stephen was the most prominent. In the later years of the "golden age", the non-scientist pure sportsmen came to dominate the London-based Alpine Club and alpine mountaineering overall.[5] First ascents in the golden age
See also
References1. ^Though Wills thought he had made a first ascent, the Wetterhorn had been climbed in 1844, and his was the fourth ascent. However, mountaineering became fashionable in Britain after the barrister's climb. 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/blogs/2010/7/the-matterhorn-edward-whymper-and-the-golden-age-of-mountaineering |title=The Matterhorn: Edward Whymper and the Golden Age of Mountaineering | Britannica Blog |publisher=Britannica.com |date=2010-07-14 |accessdate=2014-03-22}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I--BAAAAMAAJ&q=%22golden+age+of+alpinism%22+wetterhorn&dq=%22golden+age+of+alpinism%22+wetterhorn&hl=en&ei=uPrPTNuOPI2U4gbDitmPBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA |title=Big wall climbing - Doug K. Scott - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2014-03-22}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1501041.stm |title=EUROPE | Alpine expedition goes online |publisher=BBC News |date=2001-09-04 |accessdate=2014-03-22}} 5. ^Claire Eliane Engel (1950), A History of Mountaineering in the Alps, chapter VII. Sources
6 : Alpine Club (UK)|Golden ages (metaphor)|History of the Alps|History of mountaineering|Mountaineering in the United Kingdom|Mountaineering in Europe |
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