“Gonda district”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Gonda district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. The city of Gonda is the district headquarters, and also the administrative centre for the Devipatan Division.

With an area of {{convert|3404|sqkm|sqmi}}, Gonda has borders with Shrawasti district to the north, Balrampur and Siddharthnagar districts to the northeast, Basti district to the east, Faizabad district to the south, Bara Banki district to the southwest, and Bahraich district to the northwest. The district lies between 26° 47' and 27° 20' north latitude and 81° 30' and 82° 46' east longitude.

History

The territory covered by the present district of Gonda formed part of the ancient Kosala Kingdom. After the going of lord Rama, the celebrated sovereign of the Solar line who ruled Kosala, the kingdom was divided into two portions defined by the Ghaghara river. The northern portion was then ruled by his son, Lava with the city of Sravasti as his capital.^[1]

More recently, ancient Buddhist remains dating to the early days of Buddhism have been found throughout the region, including at Sravasti.^[2]

Gonda played a significant part in the Indian struggle for independence, with many people from the region actively involved: including Maharaja Aksh Valmikan, who escaped to Nepal,^[3] freedom fighters like Sh. Chandra Shekhar Azad took shelter in the district, and Rajendra Lahiri was incarcerated and hanged in the Gonda Jail.

India's 5th president Hon'ble Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was also educated at the Government High School in Gonda district.

In more recent times, the district received media attention throughout India due to the protracted court case surrounding the murder of 13 people known as the 1982 Gonda Encounter.^[4]^[5]

Industry

There are several sugar mills, rice mills and many other small industries and handicraft industry. One of the India's six Indian Telephone Industries is situated at Mankapur, and the largest sugar mill in India is situated at Kundarkhi.^[6]

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Gonda one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).^[7] It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).^[7]

Demographics

Population

According to the 2011 census Gonda district has a population of 3,433,919,^[8] roughly equal to the nation of Panama^[9] or the US state of Connecticut.^[10] This gives it a ranking of 95th in India (out of a total of 640).^[8] The district has a population density of {{convert|857|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.^[8] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 24.17%,^[8] higher than the average of Uttar Pradesh (20.09%). Gonda has a sex ratio of 921 females for every 1000 males,^[8] and a sex ratio among children 0–6 years old of 926, both higher than the state average (908 and 899 respectively).

Languages

Languages spoken in the district include Awadhi, a tongue of the Hindi continuum spoken by over 38 million people, mainly in the Awadh region;^[12] and Hindi.

Education

The literacy rate is 58.71%,^[8] much behind the state average (69.72%). The backwardness of the region and slow developmental rate is clearly reflected by literacy gap (male to female) of 23.10% in the district as compared to 19.98% gap for the state.^[13]

The government of India has created a special scheme for such district through the backward region grant fund. Gonda is one of the recipients of this fund. The primary schools of Gonda District are functioning well, which provides a path to raising the education standard of the district.^[14]

Degree colleges

Public Health

Gonda has 15 hospitals, 27 Ayurvedic hospitals, 11 Homeopathic hospitals and 2 Unani hospitals, in addition to 66 Government Primary Health Centres.

Gonda is one of the districts in the list of top 100 districts in order of Infant Mortality Rate in 2011 census data. It also comes in the top 57 districts with the highest maternal mortality rate^[44]

Gonda has also been listed as the dirtiest city in India according to the Swachh Sarvekshan 2017.^[45]

References

1. ^Gonda District at The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1908, v. 12, p. 312.
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.indiadivine.org/audarya/hinduism-forum/172928-excavations-sravasti.html|title=Excavations at Sravasti|author=|date=|website=IndiaDivine.org}}
3. ^1857:The Oral Tradition, Pankaj Rag, Rupa Publication,2010
4. ^http://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/3-cops-get-death-5-life-term-for-gonda-fake-encounter.html
5. ^http://www.apnnews.com/2013/04/05/3-cops-gets-death-5-get-life-in-gonda-fake-encounter-case/
6. ^Official Site {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909222750/http://www.bajajhindusthansugar.com/ |date=9 September 2011 }}
7. ^¹{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|accessdate=27 September 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archivedate=5 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}
8. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | accessdate = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}
9. ^{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | accessdate = 2011-10-01 | quote =Panama 3,460,462 July 2011 est.}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-09-30| quote = Connecticut 3,574,097}}
11. ^Planning commission release
12. ^{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Awadhi: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=awa | accessdate = 2011-09-28 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}
13. ^Provisional Population Totals Paper 2 of 2011 - Uttar Pradesh
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=19785|title=Press information release|author=|date=|website=pib.nic.in}}
15. ^
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.baikunthnathcollege.org.in|title=Baikunth Nath Mahavidyalaya, Hujoorpur Road, Colonelganj, Gonda (U.P.)|author=|date=|website=www.baikunthnathcollege.org.in}}
17. ^
18. ^
19. ^
20. ^
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hccollege.org.in|title=Haqiqullah Chaudhary Mahavidyalaya, Gharighat,Gonda (U.P.), India|author=|date=|website=www.hccollege.org.in}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jssi.org.in|title=Jssi.org.in|author=|date=|website=www.jssi.org.in}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kpmpjdc.org|title=Welcome kpmpjdc.org - Hostmonster.com|author=|date=|website=www.kpmpjdc.org}}
24. ^
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lbspgcollege.org.in|title=Lal Bahadur Shastri Post Graduate College, Gonda (Awadh), (U.P.) India.|author=|date=|website=www.lbspgcollege.org.in}}
26. ^
27. ^
28. ^
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nnmv.org.in|title=NANDINI NAGAR MAHAVIDYALAY|author=|date=|website=www.nnmv.org.in}}
30. ^
31. ^
32. ^
33. ^
34. ^
35. ^
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.srscollege.com|title=S R S College|author=|date=|website=www.srscollege.com}}
37. ^
38. ^
39. ^
40. ^
41. ^
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43. ^
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-common/AHSurvey.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|author=|date=|website=www.censusindia.gov.in}}
45. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-s-dirtiest-city-gonda-ranks-bottom-in-swachh-bharat-survey-residents-say-it-s-no-surprise/story-OzuD56RlJBiNZjhGjS3fyN.html|title=India’s ‘dirtiest city’ Gonda ranks bottom in Swachh Bharat survey|date=2017-05-04|work=hindustantimes.com/|access-date=2017-07-17|language=en}}