| 词条 | Gordon Hewart, 1st Viscount Hewart |
| 释义 |
| name = The Viscount Hewart | office = Lord Chief Justice of England | honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable | honorific-suffix = PC | image = Gordon Hewart, 1st Viscount Hewart.jpg | imagesize = 250px | alt = | caption = | monarch = George V | predecessor = The Lord Trevethin | successor = The Viscount Caldecote | signature = | signature_alt = | monarch2 = George V | office2 = | order2 = Solicitor General for England | predecessor2 = Sir George Cave | primeminister2 = David Lloyd George | party = Liberal | monarch1 = George V | office1 = | order1 = Attorney General for England | predecessor1 = Sir F. E. Smith | primeminister1 = David Lloyd George | successor1 = Sir Ernest Pollock | successor2 = Sir Ernest Pollock | birthname = Gordon Hewart | birth_date = 7 January 1870 | birth_place = Bury, Lancashire, England | death_date = {{Death date and age|1943|5|5|1870|1|7|df=yes}} | death_place = Totteridge, Hertfordshire, England | restingplace = | restingplacecoordinates = | nationality = | spouse = | partner = | relations = | children = | residence = | alma_mater = University College, Oxford | occupation = Politician, judge | profession = | religion = | term_start = 8 March 1922 | term_end = 12 October 1940 | term_start1 = 10 January 1919 | term_end1 = 6 March 1922 | term_start2 = 10 December 1916 | term_end2 = 10 January 1919 }} Gordon Hewart, 1st Viscount Hewart, PC (7 January 1870 – 5 May 1943) was a politician and judge in the United Kingdom. Background and educationHewart was born in Bury, Lancashire, the eldest son of Giles Hewart, a draper, and Annie Elizabeth Jones. He was educated at Bury Grammar School, Manchester Grammar School and University College, Oxford. Political and legal careerHewart began his career as a journalist for the Manchester Guardian and the Morning Leader. He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1902, joining the Northern Circuit. He took silk in 1912. He was a Liberal Member of Parliament for Leicester from 1913, and, after the constituency was divided in 1918, Leicester East. An advanced Liberal, he was appointed Solicitor General in 1916, receiving the customary knighthood, and was sworn of the Privy Council in 1918. He was Attorney General from 10 January 1919 to 6 March 1922. He was given a seat in the Cabinet in 1921. While in office, he refused offers to become Chief Secretary for Ireland or Home Secretary; at the time, the Attorney General had the right of first refusal for the post of Lord Chief Justice, which was Hewart's ambition. Lord Chief JusticeOn the resignation of the Earl of Reading as Lord Chief Justice of England in 1921, Hewart asked to succeed him. However, David Lloyd George was reluctant to lose him, and a compromise the 77 year-old Sir A. T. Lawrence (Lord Trevethin from August 1921) was appointed instead as a stop-gap. He was required to furnish an undated letter of resignation to Lloyd George, an arrangement which scandalised many: Lord Birkenhead thought it 'illegal', while judges boycotted the farewell ceremony for Lord Reading. On 3 March 1922, Trevethin 'resigned' (an event which he learned from The Times), and Hewart was duly appointed Lord Chief Justice of England on 8 March 1922, and was elevated to the peerage as Baron Hewart, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster on 24 March 1922.[1] In 1929 Hewart published The New Despotism, in which he asserted that the rule of law in Britain was being undermined by the executive at the expense of the legislature and the courts.[2] This book was very controversial and led to the appointment of a Committee on Ministers' Powers—chaired by the Earl of Donoughmore—but its Report rejected Hewart's arguments. He has been described as "one of the most vigorous and vociferous believers in the impeccability of the English jury system of this or any other century"[3] However, in 1931, Hewart made legal history, when (sitting with Mr Justice Branson and Mr Justice Hawke) he quashed the conviction for murder of William Herbert Wallace, on the grounds that the conviction was not supported by the weight of the evidence. In other words, the jury was wrong. Lord Hewart was the originator (paraphrased from the original) of the aphorism "Not only must Justice be done; it must also be seen to be done." In 1940 Hewart was asked by telephone by 10 Downing Street to resign; he duly did so on 12 October 1940. On his retirement he was created Viscount Hewart, of Bury in the County Palatine of Lancaster, on 1 November 1940.[4] He died 5 May 1943 in Totteridge, Barnet, Hertfordshire aged 73. FamilyLord Hewart married twice; first in 1892 Sarah Wood Riley, daughter of J. H. Riley and secondly in 1934, Jean Stewart, the daughter of J. R. Stewart. With his first wife he had a daughter Katharine and a son and heir, Hugh.[5] When he died in Totteridge, on 5 May 1943, his titles were inherited by his son, Hugh Hewart, 2nd Viscount Hewart. Notable decisions
NotesFurther reading: R. Jackson, The chief: the biography of Gordon Hewart, lord chief justice of England, 1922–40 (1959) R. Stevens, The independence of the judiciary: the view from the lord chancellor's office (1993) R. Stevens, ‘Hewart, Gordon, first Viscount Hewart (1870–1943)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004) References{{Commons category|Gordon Hewart, 1st Viscount Hewart}}1. ^{{London Gazette |issue=32653 |date=28 March 1922 |page=2507-2508}} 2. ^Lord Hewart, The New Despotism (London: Ernest Benn Limited, 1929), p. 17. 3. ^The Killing of Julia Wallace, by Jonathan Goodman (Headline, London, 1987), p.251 4. ^{{London Gazette| issue = 34984| date = 1 November 1940| page = 6348}} 5. ^http://thepeerage.com/p23483.htm
External links
Ramsay MacDonald }}{{s-ttl | title=Member of Parliament for Leicester | years=1913–1918 | with = Ramsay MacDonald }}{{s-non | reason = Constituency abolished }}{{s-new | constituency}}{{s-ttl | title=Member of Parliament for Leicester East | years=1918–1922 }}{{s-aft | after=George Banton }}{{s-legal}}{{succession box | title = Solicitor General for England and Wales | years = 1916–1919 | before = Sir George Cave | after = Sir Ernest Pollock }}{{succession box | title = Attorney General for England and Wales | years = 1919–1922 | before = Sir F. E. Smith | after = Sir Ernest Pollock }}{{succession box | title=Lord Chief Justice of England | before=The Lord Trevethin | after=The Viscount Caldecote | years=1922–1940}}{{s-reg|uk}}{{succession box | title = Viscount Hewart | years = 1940–1943 | before = New Creation | after = Hugh Hewart }}{{S-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hewart, Gordon}} 15 : 1870 births|1943 deaths|Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|Lord Chief Justices of England and Wales|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom|UK MPs 1910–18|UK MPs 1918–22|Attorneys General for England and Wales|Solicitors General for England and Wales|People educated at Manchester Grammar School|Alumni of University College, Oxford|People from Bury, Greater Manchester|People educated at Bury Grammar School|Knights Bachelor |
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