“Gormogons”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Ancient Noble Order of the Gormogons was a short-lived 18th century society formed by expelled Freemason Philip Wharton. It left no records or accomplishments to indicate its true goal and purpose. From the group's few published articles it is thought that the society's primary objective was to hold up Freemasonry to ridicule.^[1] During its brief existence it was accused of being a Jacobite-leaning group,^[2] perhaps because the first known Grandmaster (or Oecumenical Volgi) was Andrew Michael Ramsay of Ayr, Scotland, a Jacobite of strong convictions.^[3] It also appears to have been a charitable organization, at least according to its surviving bylaws. There are also some surviving pendant badges, bearing their sign.^[4]

Possible etymology of the name

In The 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue,^[6] the word gormagon was humorously defined thus: "A monster with six eyes, three mouths, four arms, eight legs, five on one side and three on the other, three arses, two tarses [penises], and a **** upon its back." The compiler Francis Grose gave the game away in his dictionary entry by explaining that it was "a man on horseback, with a woman behind him".^[7] (His "five legs on one side" description could be merely that the woman was riding side-saddle).

One of the earliest references to the Gormogons was a September 3, 1724 entry in The London Post, which stated that it was founded by a certain Chin-Qua Ky-Po, who was claimed to be the first emperor of China, many thousand years before Adam.^[8] In this entry, the order was said to have been brought to London by a "Mandarin", who in turn initiated several "Gentlemen of Honor" into its ranks.^[9] Scholars offer differing accounts as to when this order became extinct. For instance, it was proposed that it ended in 1738.^[9] Another account maintained that it survived until 1799, when an Act was passed in July 12th of that year suppressing all secret societies with the exemption of Freemasonry.^[10]

In popular culture

The Gormogons have been referenced in the TV show Bones. Beginning with the season 3 premiere, "The Widow's Son in the Windshield", the Jeffersonian team investigated a cannibalistic serial killer they call Gormogon, for his obsession with secret societies and his targeting of the Knights Templar.

References

1. ^Antient Noble Order of the Gormogons
2. ^Lyttle, Charles H. "[https://www.jstor.org/pss/3160805 Historical Bases of Rome's Conflict with Freemasonry]", Church History, Vol. 9, No. 1. (Mar., 1940), pp. 3–23.
3. ^Carr. J. L. "[https://www.jstor.org/pss/3720400 Gorgons, Gormogons, Medusists and Masons]". The Modern Language Review. Vol. 58, No. 1 (Jan., 1963), pp. 73–78.
4. ^[https://www.jstor.org/stable/877782 Sotheby's October 1974 catalogue], reproduced in The Burlington Magazine, vol. 116, No. 858 (Sep., 1974), pp. i–lx.
5. ^{{citation|contribution=gormagon|contribution-url=http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50097049|title=OED Online|edition=2nd|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1989|accessdate=26 March 2009}}.
6. ^{{citation|author=Francis Grose|title=The 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue: Buckish Slang, University Wit and Pickpocket Eloquence|location=London|publisher=Senate|year=1994|isbn=1-85958-045-9 }}, a facsimile reprint of {{citation|author=Captain [Francis] Grose, comp.|title=Lexicon balatronicum|location=London|publisher=Printed for C. Chappel|year=1811}}.
7. ^See {{citation|author=Captain [Francis] Grose|author2=Juliet Sutherland [et al.], eds.|title=1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue [EBook #5402]|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/dcvgr10.txt|location=Salt Lake City, Ut.|publisher=Project Gutenberg|date=April 2004|accessdate=26 March 2009}}.
8. ^{{Cite book|title=Confessions of an Illuminati, VOLUME III: Espionage, Templars and Satanism in the Shadows of the Vatican|last=Zagami|first=Leo Lyon|publisher=CCC Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9781888729665|location=San Francisco, CA|pages=176}}
9. ^¹{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=JnnXDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT50&dq=Gormogons&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj_-MmbosrgAhXiG6YKHctpDz8Q6AEIKjAA#v=onepage&q=Gormogons&f=false|title=Secret Societies: The Complete Guide to Histories, Rites, and Rituals|last=Redfern|first=Nick|date=2017-03-14|publisher=Visible Ink Press|isbn=9781578596461|language=en}}
10. ^{{Cite book|title=The Triads|last=Ward|first=J. M. S.|last2=Stirling|first2=W. G.|publisher=Routledge|year=2006|isbn=9780710312044|location=Oxon|pages=126}}