| 词条 | Gossypium hirsutum |
| 释义 |
|name = Upland cotton |image = CottonPlant.JPG |genus = Gossypium |species = hirsutum |authority = L. }}Gossypium hirsutum, also known as upland cotton or Mexican cotton, is the most widely planted species of cotton in the world. Globally, about 90% of all cotton production is of cultivars derived from this species.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} In the United States, the world's largest exporter of cotton, it constitutes approximately 95% of all cotton production.[1] It is native to Mexico, the West Indies, northern South America, Central America and possibly tropical Florida.[2][3][4] Archeological evidence from the Tehuacan Valley in Mexico shows the cultivation of this species as long ago as 3,500 BC, although there is as yet no evidence as to exactly where it may have been first domesticated.[5] This is the earliest evidence of cotton cultivation in the Americas found thus far. Gossypium hirsutum includes a number of varieties or cross-bred cultivars with varying fiber lengths and tolerances to a number of growing conditions. The longer length varieties are called "long staple upland" and the shorter length varieties are referred to as "short staple upland". The long staple varieties are the most widely cultivated in commercial production. Besides being fibre crops, Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium herbaceum are the main species used to produce cottonseed oil. The Zuni people use this plant to make ceremonial garments,[6] and the fuzz is made into cords and used ceremonially.[7] This species shows extrafloral nectar production.[8] Cotton seed and roots have been used to treat nasal polyps, fibroids and other types of cancer. Gossypium has shown anticancer activity.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} Synonyms
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/cotton-wool/cotton-sector-at-a-glance/|title=USDA ERS - Cotton Sector at a Glance|website=www.ers.usda.gov|access-date=2019-02-18}} 2. ^Gossypium hirsutum L. wild cotton, U.S. Forest Service 3. ^{{GRIN | accessdate = 18 December 2017}} 4. ^{{cite journal|title=Genetic Diversity in Gossypium hirsutum and the Origin of Upland|author=Wendel|display-authors=etal|journal=American Journal of Botany|volume=79|issue=11|pages=1291–1310|date=November 1992|publisher=JSTOR|doi=10.2307/2445058|jstor=2445058}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=C. E.|last2=Stephens|first2=S. G.|doi=10.1007/BF02860076|title=Critical identification of Mexican archaeological cotton remains|journal=Economic Botany|volume=25|issue=2|pages=160|year=1971}} 6. ^Stevenson, Matilda Coxe 1915 Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #30 (p. 77) 7. ^Stevenson, p.92 8. ^Röse USR, Lewis J, Tumlinson JH. Extraf loral nectar from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) as a food source for parasitic wasps. Functional Ecology 2006; 20:67-74. External links
14 : Cotton|Gossypium|Fiber plants|Flora of Florida|Crops originating from Mexico|Flora of French Polynesia|Flora of Samoa|Flora of Jamaica|Flora of Puerto Rico|Crops originating from the Pacific|Crops originating from South America|Crops originating from the United States|Plants described in 1763|Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus |
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