| 词条 | Grafton State Hospital |
| 释义 |
| Name = Grafton State Hospital | Org/Group = Massachusetts Department of Mental Health | Image = Jean Mayer Administration Building, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton MA.jpg | Caption = Former Administration Building | Logo = | Location = Grafton | State = Massachusetts | Country = United States | HealthCare = | Type = Mental hospital | Speciality = Mental health treatment | Standards = | Emergency = | Affiliation= | Beds = | Founded = 1901 | Closed = 1973 | Website = | Wiki-Links ={{Infobox NRHP | name =Grafton State Hospital | embed = yes | nrhp_type = District | image = | caption = | location= Westborough Rd. & Green St., Grafton, Massachusetts | coordinates = {{coord|42|14|51.7|N|71|40|41.8|W|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = Massachusetts | map_caption = Location in Massachusetts | area = | built =1900-1949 | architect= Fuller & Delano, Desmond & Lord | architecture= Colonial Revival, Bungalow/Craftsman | added = 1994 | governing_body = State | mpsub=Worcester MRA | refnum=94000691 }}}} Grafton State Hospital was a psychiatric hospital in Grafton, Massachusetts that operated from 1901 to 1973.[1] Today, the site has been redeveloped with Tufts University's Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine as a major occupant, along with the Grafton Job Corps office and various other State agencies.[2]Because of its significance in the history of the treatment of the mentally ill and its layout and institutional architecture, the hospital area was accepted to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.[3] HistoryGrafton State Hospital was established in 1901 as a farm colony for "chronic insane patients" of the Worcester State Hospital. In 1912 it was administratively separated from Worcester.{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} The Grafton campus was built to both increase the capacity of the Worcester hospital and to provide therapeutic work for patients. To start the new hospital, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts purchased approximately {{convert|700|acre}} of land in northeast Grafton and abutting portions of Shrewsbury, from the Ashley and Sinclair families, Samuel Knowlton and Lyman Rice.[4] Intended to be self-sufficient, agriculture was an important part of the Hospital's plan. As the agricultural focus grew other areas of treatment suffered, leading the state to conclude in 1945 that "there is little or no occupational therapy in effect now. Farming, canning, and general maintenance are the institution's principal occupations."[5] In 1957, noted jazz musician Thelonious Monk was briefly held for observation at the Grafton State Hospital after a State Trooper found him at Logan Airport acting erratically and then becoming unresponsive to questioning.[6] The Hospital closed in 1973 when Dr. Sevinsky was charged with raping several of the patients as the first in a series of closures of state institutions in Massachusetts, in a process known as Deinstitutionalization.[1][7] Patient censusCENSUS OF GRAFTON STATE HOSPITAL[1]
CampusThe colony is located at the juncture of the Grafton, Shrewsbury, and Westborough town lines, centered at the junction of Pine Street and Westborough Road (Massachusetts Route 30) in North Grafton. The original site of {{convert|700|acre}} was expanded to over {{convert|800|acre}} by 1908 with the purchase of portions of Green Hill to expand the water supply. By 1945 it encompassed {{convert|1200|acre}}.[1] The Hospital occupied a hilly scenic site surrounded by woodlands, wetlands, and agricultural fields which are still used for hay, corn, and animal pasture by the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine. Much of the Hospital's land was previously farmland which had been allowed to go fallow by private owners in the late-nineteenth century, and was only gradually reclaimed for productive use by the hospital.[1] Tnts and was developed with large-scale brick wards that provided locked confinement for large numbers of inmates. Similarly, Elms was developed with masonry buildings for "excited" male patients. A few wood-frame dormitories provided a transition for more stable patients. As the center of agricultural activities, Oaks was developed with unlocked cottages for male patients who had proved themselves trustworthy and industrious. The Willows was developed somewhat later during the campus expansion was similar to Oaks. The classes of patients were defined in terms of behavior rather than diagnosis, e.g. "excited", "violent", "quiet", "peaceful", etc.[1] Current useA former Boston & Worcester Railroad line, now owned by CSX Transportation and used by the MBTA Commuter Rail Framingham/Worcester Line, bisects the campus. The Grafton Commuter Rail stop is located on the former site, off of Pine Street. In 1978, shortly after the closing of the Hospital, Tufts University entered into an agreement with the state to develop a veterinary college on the site, now known as the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine. Simultaneously, the Job Corps program opened a campus on the hospital site. A former waste site (landfill) located on the property has been closed and stabilized.[8] {{convert|121|acre}} of the original site has become Centech Park, part of a state designated Economic Target Area and now home to several companies.[9]In 2008 Tufts began construction of the New England Regional Biosafety Laboratory on {{convert|100|acre|km2}} of former Hospital land. The development will be the anchor of the Grafton Science Park, designed to spur economic development in Grafton.[10] The laboratory will be capable of Biosafety level 2 and 3 research on infectious agents.[11] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web | url=http://www.1856.org/grafton/grafton.html | title=Grafton State Hospital | accessdate=February 26, 2011 | author=Schuleit, Anna | publisher=1856.org}} 2. ^{{cite news |first=Robert |last=Preer |title=Specters of old state hospitals vanish as new uses take shape |url=http://www.boston.com/realestate/news/articles/2007/07/08/specters_of_old_state_hospitals_vanish_as_new_uses_take_shape/ |work=Boston Globe |date=2007-07-08 |accessdate=2007-11-24 |quote=Grafton State Hospital. This {{convert|1000|acre|sing=on}} property in the central Massachusetts hills near Worcester already has Tufts Veterinary School on half of it. Also on the property are the Federal Job Corps offices and residential facilities run by the state Department of Youth Services and state Department of Mental Retardation. A business park is being developed on {{convert|121|acre}}, and housing is planned for a {{convert|50|acre|adj=on}} parcel. The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority has a commuter rail station there, too.}} 3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/ma/Worcester/state6.html | title=National Register of Historic Places | accessdate=February 26, 2011}} 4. ^{{cite conference | url=http://www.mass.gov/eea/docs/dcr/stewardship/histland/recon-reports/grafton-with-map.pdf | title=Grafton Reconnaissance Report | accessdate=February 26, 2011 | booktitle=Blackstone Valley / Quinebaug-Shetucket Landscape Inventory |date=July 2007 | conference=Massachusetts Heritage Landscape Inventory Program | publisher=Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation}} 5. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.1856.org/grafton/graftonagriculture.html | title=Agriculture and Manufacture at Grafton State Hospital | accessdate=February 27, 2011 | author=Shuleit, Anna | publisher=1856.org}} 6. ^{{cite book | title=Thelonious Monk: the Life and Times of an American Original | author=Kelley, Robin D. G. | year=2009 | publisher=Simon and Schuster | location=New York | pages=266–267 | isbn=978-0-684-83190-9}} 7. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.telegram.com/article/20100411/NEWS/4110497 | title=Westboro State Hospital set to close | accessdate=February 26, 2011 | author=Hammel, Lee | date=2011-04-11 | publisher=Worcester Telegram and Gazette|quote=Westboro State Hospital is only the latest on the list of state hospitals to be shuttered. Since 1973, when Westboro's close neighbor, Grafton State Hospital, closed its doors, nine state hospitals have closed, with Westboro about to join the list, leaving only Worcester and Taunton.}} 8. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.tford.com/projects/landfills/grafton.html | title=Landfills — Grafton State Hospital Former Disposal Area Closure | accessdate=February 27, 2011 | publisher=T Ford Company, Inc.}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.graftonedc.com/Centech_Park.html |title=Centech Park |accessdate=February 27, 2011 |publisher=Grafton Economic Development Commission |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711121735/http://www.graftonedc.com/Centech_Park.html |archivedate=July 11, 2011 |df= }} 10. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.tufts.edu/vet/ne-rbl/grafton_science_park.html | title=Grafton Science Park | accessdate=February 27, 2011 | publisher=Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine}} 11. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.tufts.edu/vet/ne-rbl/capabilities/ | title=New England Regional Biosafety Laboratory Capabilities | accessdate=February 27, 2011 | publisher=Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine}} External links
1 : Hospitals in Worcester County, Massachusetts |
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