| 词条 | Grameen family of organizations |
| 释义 |
The Grameen family of organizations has grown beyond Grameen Bank into a multi-faceted group of profitable and non-profit ventures, established by Muhammad Yunus, the Nobel Peace Prize winning founder of Grameen Bank. Most of these organizations have central offices at the Grameen Bank Complex in Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The Grameen Bank started to diversify in the late 1980s when it started attending to unutilized or underutilized fishing ponds, as well as irrigation pumps like deep tubewells.[1] In 1989, these diversified interests started growing into separate organizations, as the fisheries project became Grameen Fisheries Foundation and the irrigation project became Grameen Krishi Foundation.[1] These ventures include Social Advancement Fund (SAF), Grameen Trust, Grameen Fund, Grameen Communications, Grameen Shakti (Grameen Energy), Grameen Telecom, Grameen Shikkha (Grameen Education), Grameen Mothsho Foundation, Grameen Krishi Foundation, Grameen Baybosa Bikash (Grameen Business Development), Grameenphone, Grameen Software Limited, Grameen CyberNet Limited, Gonoshasthaya Grameen Textile Mills Limited, Grameen Capital Management Limited, Grameen Knitwear Limited, Grameen Mutual Fund One, Grameen Kalyan (Grameen Well-being), Grameen Shamogree (Grameen Products), Grameen Danone Foods (joint venture with Groupe Danone) and Grameen Uddog (Grameen Enterprise, owner of the brand Grameen Check).[2][3] Grameen Bank{{main|Grameen Bank}}The Grameen Bank is a microfinance organization and community development bank started in Bangladesh that makes small loans (known as microcredit) to the impoverished without requiring collateral. The system is based on the idea that the poor have skills that are underutilized. The bank also accepts deposits, provides other services, and runs several development-oriented businesses including fabric, telephone and energy companies. The organization and its founder, Muhammad Yunus, were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006.[4] Grameen TrustGrameen Trust (GT), a non-profit and non-government organization established in 1989 uses microcredit as a tool for fighting poverty and follows the Grameen Bank approach for the purpose. It supports and promotes poverty focused microcredit programs all over the world under its Grameen Bank Replication Program (GBRP) through a number of ways - dialogue programs for potential replicators, training and technical assistance to replication projects, funding selected projects, and monitoring performance.[3][5] Grameen Trust funds are provided in two forms - seed capital and scaling up fund.[6]As of August 2007, it has provided support to 138 replication partners in 37 countries of the world. Under the Build, Operate and Transfer (BOT) program, the Trust directly implements the projects to respond to the need for immediate and rapid implementation of poverty focused microfinance programs. Grameen Trust hosts the Grameen Global Network (GGN) and publishes the Grameen Dialogue newsletter to promote the cause of microcredit movement.[5] To implement the replication program, it received funds from the MacArthur Foundation, United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (German Technical Cooperation or GTZ), United States Agency for International Development (USAID), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS), the Citigroup Foundation, the World Bank and Ford Foundation.[6] Grameen Fund{{main|Grameen Fund}}Grameen Fund is a not-for-profit company in Bangladesh established to provide risk capital to small and medium enterprises (SME) beyond the scope of Grameen Bank's objectives of providing microcredit to the very poor.[5][7] Incorporated on 17 January 1994, Grameen Fund started operation in February 1994, inheriting 40 projects of Grameen bank with assets of 391 million Bangladeshi taka investments in small industries, fisheries and agriculture.[6] As of 2007, it invested equity worth $1.0 million in 13 joint ventures and financed 1763 small and micro enterprises in Bangladesh, especially in technology-oriented industries, by providing collateral-free fixed and working capital loans.[7][8]Grameen Telecom{{main|Grameen Telecom}}Grameen Telecom (GTC) is a not-for-profit company in Bangladesh established with a partial stake in Grameen Phone (GP). GTC has driven the pioneering GP program of Village Phone that enables rural poor to own a cell-phone and turn it into a profit making venture. The vision behind the village phone program was formulated by Iqbal Quadir who was convinced that a mobile phone could become a source of income generation. Quadir worked with Professor Yunus and the Norwegian company Telenor to make the program a reality. Currently Grameen Telecom provides mobile phones among the villagers of the country.[3][9][10]Grameenphone{{main|Grameenphone}}Grameenphone is a GSM-based cellular operator in Bangladesh and market leader[11] with more than 50% of the Bangladeshi market share. Grameenphone started operations on March 26, 1997. It is partly owned by Telenor (62%) and Grameen Telecom (38%). It has more than 10 million customers as of December 2006.[12] It is also the fastest growing cellular telephone network in Bangladesh. At the end of 2005, it had about 3500 base stations around the country with plans to add about 500 in the following six months. Grameenphone's stated goal is to provide cost-effective and quality cellular services in Bangladesh. Grameen Solutions LimitedGrameen Solutions Limited (GSL) is a software development company.[13]Grameen CommunicationsGrameen Communications (GC) is a not-for-profit information technology company established in Bangladesh in 1997, with a portfolio that includes software products and services, internet services, hardware & networking services and IT education.[2][3] The life of the company began as an IT support unit under Grameen Trust in 1994.[14] Besides providing IT support to various Grameen family organizations it in charge of developing systems for organizations like CASHPOR Financial and Technical Services Private Limited (CFTS) in Mirzapur District, Uttar Pradesh, India, CMC in UIndia, Swayam Krishi Sangham (SKS) in Hyderabad, India, Grameen Koota in Bangalore, India, Moris Rasik in East Timor, Ganesha Foundation in Jakarta, Indonesia, and Ahon sa Hirap Inc. (ASHI) in Manila, Philippines.[14]The company has developed the Village Computer and Internet Program (VCIP) to set up a number of multipurpose Cyber Kiosks in rural areas using different connectivity solutions for information access, communication and IT education.[14][15] The first VCIP was established in a room rented from the Grameen bank at Madhupur Upazila, which is connected through microwave link to the VSAT at Grameen Communications office 160 km away in Dhaka.[16][17] Two others were established at Sarishabari Upazila and Mirzapur Upazila.[16] A partner of International Development Research Centre (IDRC) initiative Pan Asia Networking (PAN),[18] GC is also developing a program with Digital Divide Data of United States to provide data entry jobs for rural Bangladeshis.[16] Grameen Fisheries and Livestock FoundationGrameen Fisheries and Livestock Foundation or Grameen Motsho O Pashusampad Foundation (GMPF), a non-profit organization, was founded as Grameen Fisheries Foundation or Grameen Motsho Foundation (GMF), in February 1994 to mitigate poverty through aquaculture & fisheries, as well as an integrated fish-crop-livestock and dairy development farming system. The mandates of the organization are to provide rural landless poor, especially women, to gain access to common resource properties; replace exploitation with community empowerment; replace stagnation with social and economic growth; replace traditions with modernity; provide women with legal and gender rights; and to provide food security and sustainable livelihood.[3]Grameen ShaktiGrameen Shakti (GS) is a renewable energy social enterprise established in 1996 to promote, develop and popularize renewable energy technologies in remote, rural areas of Bangladesh.[19][20] It is a part of the Grameen family founded to take the Grameen Bank objective of alleviating poverty for the extreme poor through microcredit.[19][20] Grameen Shakti into one of the largest and fastest-growing renewable energy companies in the world. GS trained its engineers to be ‘social engineers’ who go from door-to-door to demonstrate the effectiveness of renewable energy. GS trained local youth as technicians to ensure that people would have efficient and free after-sales service right on their doorstep. Grameen Shakti is the leading company on renewable energy in Bangladesh and one of the fastest growing solar energy companies in the world. As of December 2010 Grameen Shakti has installed 25MWp solar system. Beside these, Grameen Shakti have installed solar mobile charging van, Solar lighting Boat, Solar emergency Lighting, Solar water Purifier, solar power telecom systems, Off grid power supply system and also nowadays they are encouraging urban people to use hybrid solar- National grid system with low price. Grameen Shakti has been honoured with a Right Livelihood Award for its work,[21] and has also won two Ashden Awards, in 2006[22] and 2008.[23] Grameen ShikkhaGrameen Shikkha or Grameen Education was established in 1997 to promote mass education in rural areas, provide financial support in the form of loans and grants for the purpose of education, use IT for alleviation of illiteracy and development of education, promote new technologies and innovate ideas and methods for development of education. It also conducts Life the Oriented Education Program, the Pre-school/Child Development Program, the Early Childhood Development Program and the Arsenic Mitigation Program.[2][3]Grameen Byabosa BikashGrameen Byabosa Bikash (GBB) or Grameen Business Promotion and Services was established in 1994 as a social business and not-for-profit organization to provide supplementary services on top of microcredit to rural entrepreneurs dealing in products like vegetables, livestock or handicrafts to provide experience, skill and knowledge.[3][24]Grameen Danone Foods{{main|Grameen Danone}}Grameen Danone Foods was launched in 2006 as a joint venture between Grameen Bank and the French food company Groupe Danone. Grameen Danone's first product is a fortified yoghurt, branded Shoktidoi, which is designed to provide children with many of the key nutrients that are typically missing from their diet in rural Bangladesh. A crucial aspect of the joint venture is the overarching business goal: although Grameen Danone Foods is a profit-making company, social impact, rather than financial profit, is the number one measure of success. Grameen AmericaGrameen America is a microfinance organization with a mission to alleviate poverty through entrepreneurship. Grameen America provides loans, savings programs, credit establishment and other financial services to the working poor, especially women, in the United States.{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} References1. ^1 Introduction {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618033835/http://203.112.193.71/grameen/gc/gfly.htm |date=2008-06-18 }}, Muhammad Yunus, Grameen Family; Retrieved: 2007-09-07 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.grameen-info.org/gfamily.html |title=Grameen Family of Enterprises |accessdate=2007-08-22 |date=2002-08-19 |publisher=Grameen Commiunications |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812020557/http://grameen-info.org/gfamily.html |archivedate=2007-08-12 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|url=http://www.grameen-info.org/bank/GBGlance.htm |title=Grameen Bank at a glance |last=Yunus |first=Muhammad |authorlink= |accessdate=2007-08-22 |date=2007-07-25 |publisher=Grameen Bank |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706124515/http://www.grameen-info.org/bank/GBGlance.htm |archivedate=2007-07-06 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2006/press.html|title=The Nobel Prize for 2006|author=|publisher=The Nobel Peace Prize for 2006|date=2006-10-13|accessdate=2006-10-13}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.grameen-info.org/grameen-family/ |title=Grameen Family |website=Grameen Bank}} 6. ^1 2 Bangladesh: Private Sector Foundations, Philanthropy and the Third Sector, Asia Pacific Philanthropy Consortium; Retrieved: 2007-09-04 7. ^1 Grameen Fund: Profile, Community investment Profile, Calvert Foundation; Retrieved: 2007-09-04 8. ^Grameen Fund: Profile; Community Investment CenterSocial Funds; Retrieved: 2007-09-04 9. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.grameentelecom.net|title = かに通販＠評判のかに通販口コミランキング！|website = www.grameentelecom.net|access-date = 2016-03-29}} 10. ^Brief history of Grameen Telecom {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927030517/http://www.arvindsinghal.com/grameen-bank/Telenor%28A%29%20Case%20INSEAD-Final.pdf |date=2007-09-27 }} 11. ^From Reuters {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070128042809/http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/articlenews.aspx?type=internetNews&storyID=2007-01-18T102454Z_01_DHA291374_RTRIDST_0_OUKIN-UK-BANGLADESH-TELECOMS.XML&archived=False |date=2007-01-28 }} 12. ^Telenor press release. About Grameenphone section 13. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.grameensolutions.com|title = Home|last = Ltd.|first = Grameen Solutions|website = www.grameensolutions.com|access-date = 2016-03-29}} 14. ^1 2 Official website, Grameen Communication; Retrieved: 2007-09-04 15. ^Grameen Communications: Village Internet Program {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929024435/http://www.eb2000.org/ITPP1.htm |date=2007-09-29 }}, Dr Shahidul Alam, Expatriate Bangladeshi 2000, 1998-11-06; Retrieved: 2007-09-04 16. ^1 2 Grameen Communications' Village Computer and Internet Program (VCIP), Publications and Analysis, Digital Dividends; Retrieved: 2007-09-04 17. ^Appendix 9: Grameen family of organizations {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922214001/http://www.telecommons.com/villagephone/gbfamily.html |date=2007-09-22 }}, Grameen Telecom's Village Phone Programme:A Multi-Media Case Study, Telecommons; Retrieved: 2007-09-04 18. ^Partners, Grameen family of organizations; Retrieved: 2007-09-04 19. ^1 Grameen Shakti page on Grameen official website 20. ^1 Grameen Shakti official website 21. ^{{cite web| title =Grameen Shakti (Bangladesh)| date =| url =http://www.rightlivelihood.org/grameen_shakti.html| accessdate =2007-10-03| deadurl =yes| archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20071010212024/http://www.rightlivelihood.org/grameen_shakti.html| archivedate =2007-10-10| df =}} 22. ^{{cite web | title =Grameen Shakti (Bangladesh) 2006 and 2008 Ashden Award| date = | url = http://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/grameen | accessdate =2008-07-09}} 23. ^{{cite web | title =Grameen Shakti (Bangladesh) 2008 Ashden Award| date = | url = http://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/grameen08 | accessdate =2008-07-09}} 24. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.grameenbb.org/aboutus.html |title=About Us |website =Grameen Baybosa Bikash |access-date=2016-03-29}} External links
3 : Conglomerate companies of Bangladesh|Rural community development|Right Livelihood Award laureates |
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