“Grand Alliance (World War II)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Grand Alliance, also known as The Big Three, was a military alliance consisting of the three major Allies of World War II: the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom. It is often called the "Strange Alliance" because it united the world's greatest capitalist state, the greatest communist state and the greatest colonial power.^[1]

Origins

The Grand Alliance was one of convenience in the fight against the Axis powers. The British had reason to ask for one as Germany, Italy, and Imperial Japan threatened not only the colonies of the British Empire in North Africa and Asia, but also the Home Islands. The United States felt that the Japanese and German expansion should be contained, but ruled out force until the attack by the Imperial Japanese Navy on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. The Soviet Union, after the breaking of the Nazi–Soviet Pact by the instigation of Operation Barbarossa in 1941, greatly despised the unchallenged Japanese expansion in the East, particularly considering their defeat in several previous wars with Japan. They also recognized, as the US and Britain had suggested, the advantages of a two-front war. In 1942 the three powers discussed becoming, with China, the Four Policemen of world peace.

Tensions

There were many tensions in the Grand Alliance among the "Big Three" leaders Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin, although they were not enough to break the alliance during wartime. Division emerged over the length of time taken by the Western Allies to establish a second front in Europe.^[2]

The essential ideological differences between the United States and the Soviet Union strained their relationship. Tensions between the two countries had existed for decades, with the Soviets remembering America's participation in the armed intervention against the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War as well as its long refusal to recognize the Soviet Union's existence as a state. During the meetings from 1943-45 there were disputes over the growing list of demands from the USSR. Tensions increased further when Roosevelt died and his successor Harry Truman rejected demands put forth by Stalin.^[2]

References

1. ^{{cite book|last = Ambrose | first = Stephen | authorlink = Stephen Ambrose | title = Rise to Globalism: American Foreign Policy Since 1938 | publisher = Penguin Books| year = 1993 | location = New York | pages = 15 }}
2. ^¹{{cite book|last = Jones | first = Maldwyn | authorlink = Maldwyn Jones | title = The Limits of Liberty: American History 1607-1980 | publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 1983 | location = Oxford | pages = 505}}

4 : Politics of World War II|Soviet Union–United Kingdom relations|Soviet Union–United States relations|United Kingdom–United States relations