| 词条 | Grand Comics Database |
| 释义 |
The Grand Comics Database (GCD) is an Internet-based project to build a database of comic book information through user contributions.[1][2] The GCD project is cataloging information on creator credits, story details, reprints, and other information useful to the comic book reader, comic collector, fan, and scholar.[3][4][5] The GCD is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization incorporated in Arkansas. HistoryOne of the earliest published catalogs of comic books appeared in the 1960s, when Dr. Jerry Bails and Howard Keltner put together some projects to catalog the comic books of the "Golden Age." These efforts were Dr. Bails' The Collector's Guide to the First Heroic Age of Comics, and Howard Keltner's Index to Golden Age Comic Books, and their collaboration on The Authoritative Index to DC Comics. The next big step in organizing data about comic books was Robert Overstreet's Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide, which is still being published. This guide is sometimes referred to as the first best attempt to list factual information beyond the superhero comics. It was likely the first catalog to get widespread distribution. Today there are several other comic book price guides. In 1978, the GCD's immediate predecessor, APA-I (Amateur Press Alliance for Indexing) was formed by a few fans who were interested in exchanging information on comic books in index form. These people were generally interested in either one of two things — either following the plot threads and continuity of the stories, or the creator credits. APA-I is also still running, as a paper-based index. The organization publishes a quarterly magazine. APA-I members have gathered editorial records and conducted interviews with comic book professionals, to add to the information that could be gleaned from the books themselves. In late 1993 and early 1994, three members of APA-I interested in comic books started up an e-mail correspondence. Tim Stroup, Bob Klein, and Jonathan E. Ingersoll soon began sharing indexing information in a common format using electronic media for storage and distribution. By March 1994, they had formed a new group to create an electronic version of APA-I related to comic books, giving it the name Grand Comic-Book Database and the goal to 'contain information on every comic book ever published'. The newly formed GCD grew slowly, using the new medium of e-mail to canvass friends and acquaintances from APA-I as well as other contacts in comics fandom. Early work consisted of indexing information, setting goals, and deciding on file structure. Information was distributed on floppy discs and via surface mail. The use of e-mail to knit together the group through constant communication has proved important to this day. There had been several previous attempts to set up similar groups that did not have this advantage. The original file structure has changed, and data distribution and collection methods are now almost exclusively over the Internet. It is one of several online databases of comic book information. In December 2009, a vote was held of the membership and it was decided to change the official name from "The Grand Comic-Book Database" to "The Grand Comics Database". OrganizationThe Grand Comics Database is a volunteer organization of hobbyists. It is not a commercial endeavor, and its charter[6] states that it will not become one. The database currently catalogs more types of information than originally intended, and the formats of presentation and data gathering have changed also. All data is available for research and use by the public at no charge. The project is overseen by a board elected by the members. Decisions on changes are to be made by the board as directed by member consensus. The project operates with several public contacts.[7]
The bulk of the work is performed by an ever-changing group of editors and contributors through the online indexing system on the web site, or through offline submissions. Casual users of the website also make contributions through an error reporting system. And, because several comic book creators are members, these creators often provide details on their own work or colleagues' work. Several e-mail lists are maintained for communication of a variety of comic book-related information. The database does not include any information on comic book pricing, nor does it conduct any sales or trade services. SpecificationsThe Grand Comics Database intends to catalog key story information,[8] creator information, and other information which is useful to readers, fans, hobbyists, and researchers. This includes creator information such as writers, pencillers, inkers, colorists, letterers, and editors. It also includes story information such as: title, feature of the story, genre of the story, page count, characters, and a short synopsis. Stories are defined to include any feature in a comic book, which allows the database to include advertising, text articles in an issue, letter columns, character profiles, and any other features that are in a comic book. Also included is information on the comic books themselves, such as: publisher, publication date, price, page count, a cover image, and reprint information. The GCD project uses a broad definition of comic book;[9] a comic book is 50% or more art and/or pictures which tell a story. The editors try to err on the side of inclusion, so that if there is a question, a book usually can be included. This definition eliminates any webcomics. However, it includes small print run fanzines, promotional giveaway comics, and minicomics. Although syndicated comic strips are not indexed, listings include mentions of comic books reprinting newspaper strips. Since 2004, comic book fans can index their favorite comic book using the convenience of a web-based interface. Anyone interested is encouraged to contribute, by using the interface, uploading a cover image scan, or even simply sending an e-mail with new information. The standards request that all indexing be done from an actual copy of the comic book, to ensure that data is verified upon entry. A group of editors then vets each entry before the information is added to the database. The database currently has comic books from many countries representing over forty languages,[10] though United States issues represent the bulk of the data. There are active chapters and indexers in several other countries, including Germany, Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. {{as of|2016|July}}, the database includes information on over:
See also
References1. ^{{cite book|title=The Virtues of Captain America: Modern-Day Lessons on Character from a World War II Superhero|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FgeaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA203|date=13 January 2014|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-1-118-61924-7|pages=203–}} 2. ^https://www.cbr.com/grand-comic-book-database-is-good/ https://archive.is/Qo2Qq 3. ^Rhode, Michael and Ray Bottorff Jr. "The Grand Comics Database (GCD): An Evolving Research Tool." International Journal of Comic Art. Vol. 3, No. 1, Spring 2001: 263-274. 4. ^{{cite book|author=Linda S Katz|title=The Image and Role of the Librarian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tVBUAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT95|date=14 October 2013|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-136-75236-0|pages=95–}} 5. ^{{cite book|author=John A. Lent|title=Comic Books and Comic Strips in the United States Through 2005: An International Bibliography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rczXagnUslYC&pg=PA25|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33883-0|pages=25–}} 6. ^{{Cite web | url=http://docs.comics.org/wiki/The_GCD_Charter | title=The GCD Charter | work=The Grand Comics Database}} 7. ^{{Cite web | url=http://docs.comics.org/wiki/Who%27s_Who#Coordinators | title=GCD Coordinators | work=The Grand Comics Database}} 8. ^{{Cite web | url=http://docs.comics.org/wiki/Formatting_Documentation | title=GCD Formatting Documentation | work=The Grand Comics Database}} 9. ^{{Cite web | url=http://docs.comics.org/wiki/How_To_Contribute_FAQ#What_publications_are_eligible_for_entry.3F | title=GCD Contribution FAQ | work=The Grand Comics Database }} 10. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.comics.org/international_stats/ | title=GCD International Statistics | work=The Grand Comics Database}} Further reading
External links
5 : Comic book collecting|Online comic databases|Websites about comics|Hobbyist organizations|Comics-related organizations |
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