| 词条 | Grantham rail accident |
| 释义 |
| name = Grantham rail accident | image = Grantham Railway Disaster.png | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = Only the rearmost three carriages remained on the track | image_map = | image_map_alt = | image_map_caption = | pushpin_map = | alternative_map = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | mapframe = | qid = | mapframe_zoom = | coordinates = {{coord|52.9097|-0.6467|type:event_region:GB|display=inline,title}} | date = 19 September 1906 | time = 23:04 | location = Grantham, Lincolnshire | location_dir = | location_city = | location_dist_km = | location_dist_mi = | country = England | line = East Coast Main Line | operator = | owner = | service = | type = | cause = Driver's error | bus = | trains = 1 | vehicles = | passengers = | crew = | pedestrians = | deaths = 14 | injuries = 17 | damage = | property = | route_map = | route_map_state = | route_map_name = | footnotes = List of UK rail accidents by year }} The Grantham rail accident occurred on 19 September 1906. An evening Sleeping-Car and Mail train from London Kings Cross to Edinburgh Waverley hauled by Ivatt 'Atlantic' No 276 derailed, killing 14. The accident was never explained; the train ran through Grantham station, where it was scheduled to stop, and derailed on a set of points on a sharp curve at the end of the platform, which at the time had been set for a freight train. No reason was ever established as to why the train did not stop as scheduled, or obey the Caution and Danger signals. Rolt (1956) described it as "the railway equivalent of the mystery of the Marie {{sic|nolink=y}} Celeste". EventsLate in the night of 19 September, the Semi-Fast Mail train was due to call at Grantham. The signalman at Grantham south had his Down Distant signal at caution and the signalman at Grantham North had all of his down signals at danger to protect a goods train crossing from the up Nottingham line to the up main line - over the down main line on which the Mail was approaching. It was a clear night with patchy rain, as the Mail roared towards the station and passed the distant signal at caution. When the headlights appeared at the end of the platform, it appeared to be going much too fast to stop. To the alarm of the postal sorters and the station staff who realised it was the Mail train, it sped towards Grantham North box where the points were set against it. A loud explosion was heard and fire lit up the entire North yard. The locomotive rode the curve, but its long tender derailed on the reverse curve following it and swept away the parapet of an underbridge for 65 yards, before falling off the edge of it. This derailed the locomotive, which was slung broadside across both tracks. The carriages ran down the embankment after the bridge, and only the last three remained undamaged. Possible causesMany explanations were put forward, such as the driver going mad, being drunk, taken ill or having a fight with the fireman. The evidence of the signalman at Grantham was that he had seen both men standing looking forward through the cab front windows, apparently calmly. The platform staff were sure that the brakes on the train were not applied and that it was travelling at over 40 mph. One possibility is that the driver had a seizure or "micro-sleep" and the inexperienced fireman did not realise until too late. Another, proposed in 2006 in the Railway Magazine, is a brake failure due to incorrect procedures when the engine was changed at the previous stop, Peterborough. The fireman was a trainee and might have failed to reconnect the brake pipe or open the train brake cock. Automatic vacuum brakes were fitted on all passenger trains, so if any air entered the brake pipes due to a failed connection, the brakes would be automatically applied. The mystery remains, not least because a number of Great Northern footplate men testified that the approach to Grantham was unmistakable. Other derailmentsThe accident was the second in a series of three derailments due to excessive speed at night in a 16-month period. The others were at Salisbury (1906) and Shrewsbury (1907). All three resulted in deaths, including the footplate crews; the cause in each case was recorded as 'driver error' but there has been much speculation since. See also{{portal|1900s|Death|Disasters|Lincolnshire|Trains}}
Other derailments in which the driver's momentary loss of attention was or may have been a factor:
References
9 : Railway accidents and incidents in Lincolnshire|1906 in England|Railway accidents in 1906|Disasters in Lincolnshire|Grantham|20th century in Lincolnshire|Derailments in the United Kingdom|1906 disasters in the United Kingdom|Rail accidents caused by a driver's error |
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