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词条 Gran Turismo (video game)
释义

  1. Gameplay

  2. Development

     Music 

  3. Reception

     Sales  Critical reviews 

  4. References

  5. External links

{{About|the 1997 video game|the series|Gran Turismo (series)|the 2009 video game|Gran Turismo (2009 video game)}}{{Infobox video game
| title = Gran Turismo
| image = Gran Turismo - Cover - North America.jpg
| caption = North American cover art
| developer = Polys Entertainment
Cyberhead[1]
| publisher = Sony Computer Entertainment
| producer = Kazunori Yamauchi
| designer = Kazunori Yamauchi
Takeshi Yokouchi
Hirotaka Komiyama
| programmer = Seiichi Ikiou
| artist = Masaaki Goto
| composer = Masahiro Andoh
Isamu Ohira
| series = Gran Turismo
| platforms = PlayStation
| released = {{Video game release|JP|December 23, 1997[2][3]|EU|May 8, 1998[2]|NA|May 12, 1998[2]}}
| engine =
| modes = Single player, multiplayer
| genre = Sim racing[4][5]
}}

Gran Turismo is a sim racing video game designed by Kazunori Yamauchi. Gran Turismo was developed by Polys Entertainment and published by Sony Computer Entertainment in 1997 for the PlayStation video game console. The game's development group was established as Polyphony Digital in 1998.

After five years of development time, it was well-received publicly and critically, shipping a total of 10.85 million copies worldwide as of March 2013[6] (making it the best-selling PlayStation game), and scoring an average of 95% in GameRankings' aggregate,[7] making it the highest rated racing video game of all-time. Many publications have deemed it one of the greatest video games of all time. The game has started a series, and has spawned over 10 spin-offs and sequels.

Gameplay

Gran Turismo is a racing game. The player must maneuver a car to compete against artificially intelligent drivers on various race tracks. The game uses two different modes: Arcade Mode and Simulation Mode (Gran Turismo Mode in PAL and Japanese versions). In the arcade mode, the player can freely choose the courses and vehicles they wish to use. Winning races unlocks additional cars and courses.

However, simulation mode requires the player to earn different levels of driver's licenses in order to qualify for events, and earn credits (money), trophies and prize cars by winning race championships. Winning one particular championship also unlocks a video and a few additional demonstration tracks. Credits can be used to purchase additional vehicles, and for parts and tuning.

Gran Turismo features 140 cars and 11 race tracks (as well as their reversed versions). Two Honda NSX cars from 1992 were included in the Japanese version, but were removed from the North American and European versions. There is also a 1967 Chevrolet Corvette and a 1998 Mazda Roadster exclusive to the Arcade mode. {{clear left}}

Development

The game required five years to complete.[8] During an interview with Kazunori Yamauchi, it was revealed that development of Gran Turismo started in the second half of 1992. Yamauchi added that at different times there were only seven to fifteen people assisting him.[9] When asked how difficult it was to create Gran Turismo, Yamauchi remarked: "It took five years. In those five years, we could not see the end. I would wake up at work, go to sleep at work. It was getting cold, so I knew it must be winter. I estimate I was home only four days a year."[8] Sound design was one aspect that Yamauchi believed was compromised due to a lack of time. Although Kazunori considered the game's artificial intelligence to be superior to its competitors, he remained unsatisfied with its development.[10]

When Gran Turismo was released in Japan, Polyphony Digital was still a development group within Sony Computer Entertainment. The studio was established in April 1998, before the Western release of the game.[11] Yamauchi estimated that Gran Turismo utilised around 75% of the PlayStation's maximum performance.[12]

Music

{{main|Music of the Gran Turismo series}}

The opening song for the North American and PAL versions is a Chemical Brothers remix of the Manic Street Preachers song "Everything Must Go". The opening song for the Japanese version is "Moon Over the Castle", composed by Masahiro Andoh. The game itself had a selection of licensed songs, including "Lose Control" by Ash; "Chicken on a Bone" (reworked instrumental), "Shade" (instrumental), "Tangerine" (instrumental), and "Sweet 16" by Feeder (PAL version); "As Heaven is Wide" by Garbage; and "Oxyacetalene", "Skeletal", "Autonomy", and "Industry" by Cubanate (North American and PAL versions). The Japanese version, however, used a completely original score. Aside from "Moon Over the Castle", other songs were remixed for Gran Turismo 2 and Gran Turismo 4.

Reception

Sales

Gran Turismo was a commercial hit.[2][3] It received a "Gold" award from the Verband der Unterhaltungssoftware Deutschland (VUD) in August 1998,[13] for sales of at least 100,000 units across Germany, Austria and Switzerland.[14] It sold 270,000 units in the German market from January through September 1998, which made it the region's best-selling console game of the period across all systems.[15] The VUD raised it to "Platinum" status, indicating 200,000 sales, by November.[16] At the 1999 Milia festival in Cannes, it took home a "Platinum" prize for revenues above €66 million in the European Union during 1998. This made it Europe's second-highest-grossing game of the year, behind Tomb Raider III.[17] It was also a high seller in Australia, selling over 100,000 units in the first two months and with sales exceeding 130,000 as of October 1998.[18]

As of April 2008, the game has shipped 2.55 million copies in Japan, 10,000 in Southeast Asia, 4.3 million in Europe, and 3.99 million in North America for a total of 10.85 million copies, in which to this day, remains the best selling video game for the PlayStation and the third highest-selling game in the Gran Turismo franchise, behind Gran Turismo 4 and A-Spec respectively.[2][3]

Critical reviews

{{Video game reviews
| width = 26m
| GR = 95%[19]
| MC = 96/100[20]
| Allgame = {{Rating|5|5}}[21]
| CVG = 9/10[22]
| Edge = 10/10[23]
| EGM = 9.33/10[24]
| GamePro = {{Rating|5|5}}[25]
| GameRev = A[26]
| GSpot = 8.6/10[34]
| IGN = 9.5/10[35]
| OPM = {{Rating|5|5}}[27]
| rev1 = Entertainment Weekly
| rev1Score = A−[28]
| award1Pub = Spotlight Awards 1999
| award1 = Best simulation
| award2Pub = Official UK PlayStation Magazine
| award2 = Perfect 10
| award3Pub = Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences
| award3 = Racing Game of the Year
| award4Pub = MobyGames
| award4 = Game of the Year
}}

Gran Turismo was met with critical acclaim.

The game was praised by critics, including in the reviews by IGN (9.5/10)[29] and GameSpot (8.6/10).[30] Gran Turismo won the best simulation of 1999 at the Spotlight Awards,[31] won "Best Driving Game" and "Best Graphics" of 1999 according to the staff of PlayStation Official Magazine,[41] and was voted the sixth best game of all time by the magazine's readers in the same issue.[32] In 2000, readers of Computer and Video Games voted it the eighth best video game of all time.[33] Game Informer ranked it the 21st best video game ever made in 2001. The staff felt that the racing genre had not offered as "complete [a] package" as Gran Turismo.[34] In 2017, Gran Turismo was declared the best driving game ever by Top Gear.[35]

{{Clear}}

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Corporate profile|url=http://www.cyberhead.co.jp/info.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011024203406/http://www.cyberhead.co.jp/info.htm|archivedate=2001-10-24|publisher=Cyberhead|accessdate=30 August 2012}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.polyphony.co.jp/english/list.html |title="Gran Turismo" Series Software Title List |date=June 2008 |accessdate=2008-12-03 |publisher=Polyphony Digital |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206025009/http://www.polyphony.co.jp/english/list.html |archivedate=2007-02-06 |df= }}
3. ^1 2 {{cite press release |url=http://www.sie.com/en/corporate/release/2008/080509.html|title=Gran Turismo Series Shipment Exceeds 50 Million Units Worldwide |date=2008-05-09 |accessdate=2008-05-29 |publisher=Sony Interactive Entertainment}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2015/04/03/the-top-10-most-influential-racing-games-ever?page=2|title=The Top 10 Most Influential Racing Games Ever|date=3 April 2015|publisher=}}
5. ^The Greatest Games of All Time: Gran Turismo, GameSpot
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.polyphony.co.jp/english/list.html |title=Gran Turismo Series Software Title List |date=2013 |accessdate=2013-01-30 |publisher=polyphony.co.jp |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206025009/http://www.polyphony.co.jp/english/list.html |archivedate=2007-02-06 |df= }}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gamerankings.com/browse.html?site=&cat=47&year=0&numrev=1&sort=0&letter=&search=|title=Reviews and News Articles - GameRankings|website=www.gamerankings.com}}
8. ^1 {{cite web|last=Vaughn |first=Mark |url=http://www.autoweek.com/article/20090603/CARNEWS/906039991 |title=Six questions for the creator of Gran Turismo |publisher=AutoWeek Magazine |date=June 3, 2009 |accessdate=2009-07-02}}
9. ^{{cite web |last=Takahashi |first=Dean |title=Gran Turismo’s creator takes a fifth stab at a perfect racing game |url=https://venturebeat.com/2010/01/14/gran-turismos-creator-takes-a-fifth-stab-at-a-perfect-racing-game/ |date=2010-01-14 |accessdate=2011-01-27 |publisher=GamesBeat}}
10. ^{{cite journal |publisher=Future Publishing |title=Prescreen: Gran Turismo 2 |work=Edge |issue=68 |date=February 1999 |pages=48–49}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.polyphony.co.jp/english/index.html|title=Corporate Profile|work=polyphony.co.jp|accessdate=15 January 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/65gEJ7aWq?url=http://www.polyphony.co.jp/english/index.html|archivedate=24 February 2012|df=}}
12. ^{{cite journal |publisher=Future Publishing |title=Prescreen: Gran Turismo 2 |work=Edge |issue=68 |date=February 1999 |page=46}}
13. ^{{cite press release | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000713050154/http://www.vud.de:80/infopres/cebit98.htm| url=http://www.vud.de:80/infopres/cebit98.htm | title=Uhr TCM Hannover – ein glänzender Event auf der CebitHome | date=August 26, 1998 | publisher=Verband der Unterhaltungssoftware Deutschland | archivedate=July 13, 2000 | language=German | deadurl=yes }}
14. ^{{cite web | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718145345/https://www.gamepro.de/artikel/vud-gold-awards-2003,1290773.html | url=https://www.gamepro.de/artikel/vud-gold-awards-2003,1290773.html | title=VUD-Gold-Awards 2003 | author=Horn, Andre | date=January 14, 2004 | work=GamePro Germany | archivedate=July 18, 2018 | language=German | deadurl=no }}
15. ^{{cite web | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206015705/https://www.focus.de/finanzen/news/unterhaltung-die-spassmaschine_aid_174129.html | url=https://www.focus.de/finanzen/news/unterhaltung-die-spassmaschine_aid_174129.html | title=Die Spaßmaschine | date=November 23, 1998 | author=Müller, Eva; Canibol, Hans-Peter | issue=48 | work=Focus | archivedate=December 6, 2018 | language=German | deadurl=no }}
16. ^{{cite press release | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000610165302/http://www.vud.de:80/infopres/PM-271198.htm |url=http://www.vud.de:80/infopres/PM-271198.htm | title=Neues aus der Verbandsgeschäftstelle | location=Paderborn | date=November 27, 1998 | publisher=Verband der Unterhaltungssoftware Deutschland | archivedate=June 10, 2000 | language=German | deadurl=yes }}
17. ^{{cite web | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990830171428/http://www.gamespot.com:80/milia/0212/ecc/index.html |url=http://www.gamespot.com:80/milia/0212/ecc/index.html | title=Milia News; ECCSELL Awards Name Winners | author=Staff | work=GameSpot | date=February 12, 1999 | archivedate=August 30, 1999 | deadurl=yes }}
18. ^{{cite journal|date=October 1998|title=10 million PAL PlayStations|journal=Official PlayStation Magazine (Australia)|issue=15|page=14}}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamerankings.com/ps/197468-gran-turismo/index.html |title=Gran Turismo for PlayStation |website=GameRankings |publisher=CBS Interactive |accessdate=November 6, 2013}}
20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation/gran-turismo |title=Gran Turismo for PlayStation Reviews |website=Metacritic |publisher=CBS Interactive |accessdate=November 6, 2013}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=2130&tab=review |title=Gran Turismo - Review |last=Broesder |first=Chris |publisher=AllGame |accessdate=2014-11-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114121058/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=2130&tab=review|archivedate=2014-11-14}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=8210 |title=PlayStation Review: Gran Turismo |author=Alex C |publisher=Computer and Video Games |year=1998 |accessdate=2014-03-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610120144/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=8210 |archivedate=2007-06-10 |deadurl=yes}}
23. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.edge-online.com/review/gran-turismo-review/ |title=Gran Turismo review |author=Edge Staff |magazine=Edge |issue=55 |date=February 1998 |accessdate=2015-03-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221205352/http://www.edge-online.com/review/gran-turismo-review/ |archivedate=2014-02-21 |deadurl=yes}}
24. ^{{cite journal|title=Gran Turismo |magazine=Electronic Gaming Monthly |issue=175 |date=January 2004 |page=188}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gamepro.com/sony/psx/games/reviews/259.shtml |title=Gran Turismo Review for PlayStation on GamePro.com |author=Air Hendrix |publisher=GamePro |year=1998 |accessdate=2014-03-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050212121219/http://www.gamepro.com/sony/psx/games/reviews/259.shtml |archivedate=2005-02-12 |deadurl=yes}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gamerevolution.com/oldsite/games/sony/sports/gran_turismo.htm |title=Gran Turismo Review (PS) |author=Baldric |publisher=Game Revolution |date=May 1998 |accessdate=2014-03-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514113603/http://www.gamerevolution.com/oldsite/games/sony/sports/gran_turismo.htm |archivedate=2008-05-14 |deadurl=yes}}
27. ^{{cite journal |title=Gran Turismo |magazine=Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine |year=1998}}
28. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,283631,00.html |title=Gran Turismo |last=Walk |first=Gary Eng |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |issue=437 |date=1998-06-19 |accessdate=2014-03-11}}
29. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/1998/08/23/gran-turismo-3 |title=Gran Turismo |last=Boor |first=Jay |publisher=IGN |date=1998-08-23 |accessdate=2013-11-06}}
30. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/gran-turismo-review/1900-2547786/ |title=Gran Turismo Review |last=Broady |first=Vincent |publisher=GameSpot |date=1998-01-15 |accessdate=2013-11-06}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gamechoiceawards.com/archive/spotlight_1999.html |title=Game Developers Choice Awards |publisher=Gamechoiceawards.com |date= |accessdate=2013-11-06}}
32. ^1 Official UK PlayStation Magazine issue 50, page 38, Future Publishing, October 1999.
33. ^Computer and Video Games issue 218.
34. ^{{cite web |title=Game Informer's Top 100 Games of All Time (Circa Issue 100) |url=http://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2009/11/16/game-informer-s-top-100-games-of-all-time-circa-issue-100.aspx |work=Game Informer |last=Cork |first=Jeff |date=2009-11-16 |accessdate=2013-12-10}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.topgear.com/car-news/gaming/these-are-the-top-50-best-ever-driving-games-10-1|title=The top 50 best ever driving games: 10-1|date=23 December 2016|website=Top Gear}}

External links

{{Portal|Japan|Video games|Sony PlayStation|1990s}}
  • {{official website|http://us.gran-turismo.com/us/products/gt/}}
{{Gran Turismo Series}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Gran Turismo (Video Game)}}

7 : 1997 video games|Gran Turismo (series)|Interactive Achievement Award winners|PlayStation (console)-only games|Split-screen multiplayer games|PlayStation (console) games|Video games developed in Japan
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