| 词条 | Greater mouse-eared bat |
| 释义 |
| image = Myotis.jpg | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | genus = Myotis | species = myotis | authority = Borkhausen, 1797 | range_map = Myotis myotisMap.png | range_map_caption = Distribution | range_map_alt = }} The greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis) is a European species of bat in the family Vespertilionidae. DescriptionIt is relatively large for a member of the genus Myotis, weighing up to {{Convert|45|g|oz}} (a little larger than a house mouse, Mus musculus), making it one of the largest European bats.[2] DistributionThe greater mouse-eared bat can be found in the following countries: Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, and possibly the United Kingdom.[1] During the 20th century this species was very rare in Great Britain, occurring only in southern England. However, the bats at the only known hibernation roost declined until only a few males were left, and when these disappeared the species was believed locally extinct.[3] However, occasional individuals have been discovered in recent years, suggesting either that a colony survives or that further animals have colonised Great Britain from mainland Europe.[4] In 2012, a LIFE-Nature project was initiated, aiming to protect the several thousands of greater mouse-eared bat in the Gola della Rossa and Frasassi Nature Park in the Marches. BehaviourLike its relatives, the greater mouse-eared bat eats various arthropods; however, unlike many bats, it does not capture prey by echolocation in flight. Instead, it gleans it from the ground, locating the prey passively by listening for the noises produced by creatures such as carabid beetles, centipedes and spiders.[5] Thus, it uses echolocation only for spatial orientation, even if it emits ultrasound calls when approaching prey.[6] The greater mouse-eared bat forages in open deciduous woodlands, forest edges and pastures. It roosts underground throughout the year, although roosts in northern Europe are also located in attics and lofts of buildings. More rarely, small tree-based colonies also occur.[1] The frequencies used by this bat species for echolocation lie between 22 and 86 kHz, have most energy at 37 kHz and have an average duration of 6.0 ms.[7] References{{Wikispecies|Myotis myotis|Myotis myotis}}{{Commons and category|Myotis myotis|Myotis myotis}}1. ^1 2 {{cite journal |author=Coroiu, I. |author2=Juste, J. |author3=Paunović, M. |last-author-amp=yes |title=Myotis myotis |journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |volume=2016 |page=e.T14133A22051759 |publisher=IUCN |year=2016 |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/14133/0 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T14133A22051759.en |access-date=6 February 2019}} 2. ^Van den Brink, F H, A Field Guide to Mammals of Britain and Europe, Collins 1967, {{ISBN|0-00-212093-3}} 3. ^Species Action Plan: Greater Mouse-eared Bat (Myotis myotis) 4. ^BBC Inside Out: The Search for the Greater Mouse-eared Bat 5. ^Siemers, B.M., and Güttinger, R. (2006) "Prey conspicuousness can explain apparent prey selectivity." Current Biology., 16 (5): R157-R159. 6. ^Russo, D., Jones, G. and Arlettaz, R. (2007) 'Echolocation and passive listening by foraging mouse-eared bats Myotis myotis and M. blythii.' The Journal of Experimental Biology., 210: 166-176. 7. ^Obrist, M.K., Boesch, R. and Flückiger, P.F. (2004) 'Variability in echolocation call design of 26 Swiss bat species: Consequences, limits and options for automated field identification with a synergic pattern recognition approach.' Mammalia., 68 (4): 307-32.
7 : Mouse-eared bats|Bats of Asia|Mammals of Turkey|Fauna of the Middle East|Mammals of the Middle East|Bats of Europe|Mammals described in 1797 |
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