| 词条 | Cidade Velha | ||||||
| 释义 |
| name = | image_skyline = Cidade Velha Pelourinho square b 2011.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Cidade Velha - Pillory Square | coordinates = {{coord|14.916|-23.606|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}} | image_map = | key = 79102 | postal_code = | area = | footnotes = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | child = yes | official_name = Cidade Velha, Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande | criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii)(iii)(vi)}}(ii)(iii)(vi) | ID = 1310 | year = 2009 | area = {{convert|209.1|ha|sqmi|abbr=on}} | buffer_zone = {{convert|1,795.6|ha|sqmi|abbr=on}} }} }} Cidade Velha (Portuguese for "old city", also: Santiago de Cabo Verde) is a city[1] in the southern part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. Founded in 1462,[2]{{rp|77}} it is the oldest settlement in Cape Verde and its former capital. Once called Ribeira Grande, its name was changed to Cidade Velha in the late 18th century.[3] It is the seat of the Ribeira Grande de Santiago municipality. Located off Africa's northwest coast, this town was the first European colonial settlement in the tropics. Some of the meticulously planned original design of the site is still intact, including a royal fortress, two churches and a 16th-century town square. Today, Cidade Velha is an Atlantic shipping stop and center for Creole culture. The city became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2009.[3] GeographyCidade Velha is situated on the south coast of Santiago, at the mouth of the river Ribeira Grande de Santiago. It is {{convert|10|km|mi|0|abbr=off}} west of the capital Praia. City subdivisions include Largo Pelourinho, São Sebastião, Santo António and São Pedro. HistoryThe island of Santiago was discovered by António da Noli, a Genoese in Portuguese service, in 1460.[2]{{rp|73}} Da Noli settled at Ribeira Grande with his family members and Portuguese from Algarve and Alentejo in 1462.[2]{{rp|77}} The settling conditions were good due to the abundance of water from the river Ribeira Grande, which gave it an advantage over the other settlement on Santiago, Alcatrazes.[2]{{rp|80}} The settlement became a key port of call for Portuguese colonisation towards Africa and South America. In the 16th and 17th centuries, it was a centre of maritime trade between Africa, the Cape, Brazil and the Caribbean. Due to its proximity to the African coast, it was an essential platform for the trade of enslaved persons.[3] Cidade Velha's port was a stopping place for two great navigators: Vasco da Gama, in 1497, on his way to India, and Christopher Columbus, in 1498, while on his third voyage to the Americas. In 1522, it was the stopping place for the later explorer Ferdinand Magellan who served under Spain on his way to circumnavigate the world. Cidade Velha has the oldest colonial church in the world - Nossa Senhora do Rosário church, which was constructed in 1495. In 1533, Cidade Velha became the seat of the new Roman Catholic Diocese of Santiago de Cabo Verde, created by papal bull of Pope Clement VII. Currently, the seat is in Praia. The richess of Ribeira Grande and conflicts between Portugal and rival colonial powers France and Britain attracted pirate attacks, including those by Francis Drake (1585) and Jacques Cassard (1712).[2]{{rp|195}} Despite the construction of Forte Real de São Filipe in 1587-93, Ribeira Grande remained vulnerable and went into decline. The capital was moved to Praia in 1770.[4] Ribeira Grande (now Cidade Velha) was reduced to the rank of a village and its civil, religious and military buildings went in decay. Since the 1960s, restoration works have begun.[5]{{rp|70}} In 2009, it became a UNESCO's World Heritage site.[3] Demography
Sites of interest
ClimateCidade Velha has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh). Its average rainfalll is 201 millimeters, and its average temperature is 25.2 °C. The coldest month is January (average 23.0 °C) and the warmest is October (average 28.0 °C).[20] {{Weather box|location = Cidade Velha, 1 metre ASL|metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan high C = 26.7 |Feb high C = 27.2 |Mar high C = 27.9 |Apr high C = 28.3 |May high C = 28.5 |Jun high C = 29.6 |Jul high C = 29.4 |Aug high C = 30 |Sep high C = 30.6 |Oct high C = 31 |Nov high C = 29.7 |Dec high C = 27.3 |Jan low C = 19.4 |Feb low C = 19.2 |Mar low C = 19.7 |Apr low C = 20.1 |May low C = 21 |Jun low C = 21.8 |Jul low C = 22.5 |Aug low C = 23.7 |Sep low C = 23.9 |Oct low C = 25 |Nov low C = 22.3 |Dec low C = 20.8 |Jan rain mm = 2 |Feb rain mm = 2 |Mar rain mm = 0 |Apr rain mm = 0 |May rain mm = 0 |Jun rain mm = 0 |Jul rain mm = 7 |Aug rain mm = 50 |Sep rain mm = 90 |Oct rain mm = 40 |Nov rain mm = 9 |Dec rain mm = 1 |source = climate-data.org[6] }} GalleryReferences{{commons category}}1. ^Cabo Verde, Statistical Yearbook 2015, Instituto Nacional de Estatística, p. 32-33 {{Subdivisions of Santiago, Cape Verde}}{{Ribeira Grande de Santiago}}2. ^1 2 3 4 Valor simbólico do centro histórico da Praia, Lourenço Conceição Gomes, Universidade Portucalense, 2008, p. 97 3. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web | last = | first = | title = Cidade Velha, Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande - UNESCO World Heritage Centre | url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1310 | publisher = | date = | accessdate = 8 July 2011 }} 4. ^Centre historique de Praia, UNESCO 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 [https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1310.pdf Cidade Velha, Centre historique de Ribeira Grande], Proposition d’inscription sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial 6. ^1 {{cite web |website=Climate-Data.org | url = https://en.climate-data.org/location/25903/ | title=Climate Data Cidade Velha|accessdate = 28 August 2018}} 8 : Cities in Cape Verde|Ribeira Grande de Santiago|Municipal seats in Cape Verde|Geography of Santiago, Cape Verde|Populated places established in the 1460s|World Heritage Sites in Cape Verde|1462 establishments|15th-century establishments in Cape Verde |
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