| 词条 | Green chromide |
| 释义 |
| image = Etroplus suratensis.jpg | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | taxon = Etroplus suratensis | authority = (Bloch, 1790) }} The green chromide (Etroplus suratensis) is a species of cichlid fish from freshwater and brackish water in southern India and Sri Lanka.[1] Other common names include pearlspot cichlid,[2] banded pearlspot, and striped chromide.[3] In Kerala in India it is known locally as the karimeen.[4] In Goa the fish is known as Kalundar [5] In Sri Lanka this fish is known as Koraliya This fish is native to Sri Lanka and coastal regions of India.[2] Many populations are likely introductions.[2] It is also introduced in Singapore, where it occurs in estuaries.[6] The adult is oval in shape with a short snout. It is gray-green in colour with dark barring and a dark spot at the base of the pectoral fin.[2] It commonly reaches {{convert|20|cm|in}} in length, and the maximum length is twice that.[1] This species lives in brackish water habitat types, such as river deltas. It eats mainly aquatic plants, but it consumes the occasional mollusk, diatoms, and other animal matter. This species engages in attentive parental care in which several adults care for each brood.[2] In Sri Lanka vocal name for this fish is Koraliya (කොරළියා). In 2010 this species was named the official state fish of Kerala. The following year was declared "The Year of the Karimeen". Karimeen pollichadhu, a fried dish, is a delicacy served in restaurants. It is familiar to tourists, but because it is very expensive it is not easily accessible to the common man. Production of the species for food is expected to increase in the near future.[4] They are closely related to the Paretroplus fishes from Madagascar.[7] Etroplus suratensis and E. maculatus form the main species and the former is dominant among Pearl spots in reservoirs of India. They mainly feed on detritus and occupy the same niche as that of Oreochromis mossambicus. These fishes are very popular food fishes but their biomass is very low in reservoirs compared to other cichlids.[8] References{{Commons category|Etroplus suratensis}}1. ^1 {{FishBase species | genus = Etroplus | species = suratensis | month = July | year = 2011}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite journal|author=Abraham, R. | year = 2011 | title = Etroplus suratensis | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2011 | page = e.T172368A6877592 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T172368A6877592.en }} 3. ^Common names of Etroplus suratensis. FishBase. 2015. 4. ^1 Basheer, K. Karimeen leaps from frying pan to State fish. The Hindu 9 July 2010. 5. ^{{cite web | url=https://goodgoanfood.blogspot.in/2011/11/local-konkani-names-for-common-fish-in.html | title=Good Goan Food: Local (Konkani) names for Common Fish in Goa| date=2011-11-25}} 6. ^Green Chromide. Guide to Common Marine Fishes of Singapore. 7. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00225-2 |pmid=15012941 |title=Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the Malagasy and South Asian cichlids (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae) |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=599–614 |year=2004 |last1=Sparks |first1=John S. }} 8. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.05.020 |title=Assessment of impacts of invasive fishes on the food web structure and ecosystem properties of a tropical reservoir in India |journal=Ecological Modelling |volume=220 |issue=18 |pages=2281–2290 |year=2009 |last1=Feroz Khan |first1=M. |last2=Panikkar |first2=Preetha }} External links
For scientific information see [https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Etroplus_suratensis Etroplus suratensis] in Wikispecies 8 : Etroplus|Fish of South Asia|Cichlid fish of Asia|Fish of India|Fish of Sri Lanka|Kerala cuisine|Fish described in 1790|Brackish water organisms |
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