词条 | Cinematograph Films Act 1927 |
释义 |
The Cinematograph Films Act of 1927 (17 & 18 Geo. V) was an act of the United Kingdom Parliament designed to stimulate the declining British film industry. It received Royal Assent on 20 December 1927, and it came into force on 1 April 1928.[1] DescriptionIt introduced a requirement for British cinemas to show a quota of British films, for a duration of 10 years. The Act's supporters believed that it would promote the emergence of a vertically integrated film industry, with production, distribution and exhibition infrastructure being controlled by the same companies. The vertically integrated American film industry had rapid growth in the years immediately following the end of World War I. The idea, then, was to try to counter Hollywood's perceived economic and cultural dominance by promoting similar business practices among British studios, distributors, and cinema chains. By creating an artificial market for British films, the increased economic activity in the production sector was hoped to lead to the eventual growth of a self-sustaining industry. The quota was initially set at 7.5% for exhibitors but was raised to 20% in 1935. The films included ones shot in British dominions, such as Canada and Australia. A British film was defined in the following ways:
AftermathThe act is generally not considered a success. On the one hand, it was held responsible for a wave of speculative investment in lavishly-budgeted features that could never hope to recoup their production costs on the domestic market, such as the output of Alexander Korda's London Films, a boom-and-bust, which was satirised in Jeffrey Dell's 1939 novel Nobody Ordered Wolves. At the other end of the spectrum, it was blamed for the emergence of the "quota quickie". {{anchor|Quota quickie}}Quota quickieThe quota quickies were mostly low-cost, low-quality, quickly-accomplished films commissioned by American distributors active in the UK or by British cinema owners purely to satisfy the quota requirements. In recent years, however, an alternative view has arisen among film historians such as Lawrence Napper, who have argued that the quota quickie has been too casually dismissed and is of particular cultural and historical value because it recorded performances unique to British popular culture (such as music hall and variety acts), which would not have been filmed under normal economic circumstances. The act was modified by the Cinematograph Films Act 1938, removing films shot by nations in the British Empire from the quota and further acts, and it was eventually repealed by the Films Act 1960. See also
References1. ^Hansard * Nobody Ordered Wolves, Jeffrey Dell, London & Toronto, William Heinemann, 1939.2. ^Jill Nelmes, An Introduction to Film Studies (Routledge, 2003), p. 325 3. ^[https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200910/ldselect/ldcomuni/37/3705.htm Summary of film-related legislation on the UK parliament's website]
External links
7 : United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1927|Cinema of the United Kingdom|1927 in film|Repealed United Kingdom Acts of Parliament|Media legislation|Quota quickies|History of mass media in the United Kingdom |
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