| 词条 | Grevilleoideae |
| 释义 |
|image = Hakea laurina Tas.jpg |image_caption = Inflorescence and leaves of the pin-cushion hakea (Hakea laurina) |taxon = Grevilleoideae |authority = Engl. |subdivision_ranks = Genera |subdivision = See text }} The Grevilleoideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Proteaceae. Mainly restricted to the Southern Hemisphere, it contains around 46 genera and about 950 species. Genera include Banksia, Grevillea, and Macadamia. DescriptionThe Grevilleoideae grow as trees, shrubs, or subshrubs. They are highly variable, making a simple, diagnostic identification key for the subfamily essentially impossible to provide. One common and fairly diagnostic characteristic is the occurrence of flowers in pairs that share a common bract. However, a few Grevilleoideae taxa do not have this property, having solitary flowers or inflorescences of unpaired flowers. In most taxa, the flowers occur in densely packed heads or spikes, and the fruit is a follicle. Distribution and habitatGrevilleoideae are mainly a Southern Hemisphere family. The main centre of diversity is Australia, with around 700 of 950 species occurring there, and South America also contains taxa. However, the Grevilleoideae are barely present in Africa; almost all of the Proteaceae taxa there belong to the subfamily Proteoideae.[1] The Brabejum tree of Cape Town is the exception, and the only grevilleoid in Africa. TaxonomyThe framework for classification of the Proteaceae was laid by L.A.S. Johnson and Barbara Briggs in their 1975 monograph "the evolution and classification of a southern family".[2] Their classification has been refined somewhat over the ensuing three decades, most notably by Peter H. Weston and Nigel Barker in 2006. The Grevilleoideae are now considered one of five subfamilies of the Proteaceae. The placement and circumscription of the Grevilleoideae according to Weston and Barker can be summarised as:[3] Family Proteaceae Juss. Subfamily Bellendenoideae P.H.Weston(1 genus) Subfamily Persoonioideae L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs(2 tribes, 5 genera) Subfamily Symphionematoideae P.H.Weston & N.P.Barker(2 genera) Subfamily Proteoideae Eaton (4 tribes, 5 subtribes, 25 genera) Subfamily Grevilleoideae Engl. incertae sedis Sphalmium — Carnarvonia Tribe Roupaleae Meisn. incertae sedis Megahertzia — Knightia — Eucarpha — Triunia Subtribe Roupalinae L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs Roupala — Neorites — Orites Subtribe Lambertiinae (Venk.Rao) L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs Lambertia — Xylomelum Subtribe Heliciinae L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs Helicia — Hollandaea Subtribe Floydiinae L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs Darlingia — Floydia Tribe Banksieae Rchb. fossil form genera Banksieaeidites — Banksieaeformis — Banksieaephyllum Subtribe Musgraveinae L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs Musgravea — Austromuellera Subtribe Banksiinae L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs Banksia Tribe Embothrieae Rchb. Subtribe Lomatiinae L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs Lomatia Subtribe Embothriinae Endl. Embothrium — Oreocallis — Alloxylon — Telopea Subtribe Stenocarpinae L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs Stenocarpus — Strangea Subtribe Hakeinae Endl. Opisthiolepis — Buckinghamia — Hakea — Grevillea — Finschia Tribe Macadamieae Venk.Rao Subtribe Macadamiinae L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs Macadamia — Panopsis — Brabejum Subtribe Malagasiinae P.H.Weston & N.P.Barker Malagasia — Catalepidia Subtribe Virotiinae P.H.Weston & N.P.Barker Virotia — Athertonia — Heliciopsis Subtribe Gevuininae L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs Cardwellia — Sleumerodendron — Euplassa — Gevuina — Bleasdalea — Hicksbeachia — Kermadecia — Turrillia The tribes of Grevilleoideae given by Weston and Barker [3] are shown below: {{Clade| style=line-height:100%;|1={{clade |1=Remaining Proteaceae Juss. |label2=Grevilleoideae Engl. |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Roupaleae Meisn. |2=Banksieae Rchb. }} |2=Embothrieae Rchb. |3=Macadamieae Venk.Rao }} }} }} }} UsesMany Grevilleoideae species are cultivated by the nursery industry, as barrier plants and for their prominent and distinctive flowers and foliage. Some species are of importance to the cut flower industry, especially some Banksia and Dryandra species. Two species of the genus Macadamia and the Chilean species Gevuina avellana (Chilean hazel) are grown commercially for edible nuts. Chilean hazel has an acceptable frost tolerance. References1. ^{{cite book | author = Orchard, Anthony E. (ed.) | title = Flora of Australia, Volume 16: Elaeagnaceae, Proteaceae 1 | url = http://www.deh.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/ | chapter = Proteaceae | chapterurl = http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=1893 | location = Melbourne | publisher = Australian Biological Resources Study / CSIRO Publishing}} 2. ^{{cite journal|author = L. A. S. Johnson and Briggs, B. G. | year = 1975 | title = On the Proteaceae: the evolution and classification of a southern family | journal = Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Botany | volume = 70 | pages = 83–182 | doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.1975.tb01644.x|issue = 2}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal|author1=Weston, Peter H. |author2=Barker, Nigel P. |year=2006 |title=A new suprageneric classification of the Proteaceae, with an annotated checklist of genera |url=http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/80856/Tel11Wes314.pdf |journal=Telopea |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=314–344 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002182810/http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/80856/Tel11Wes314.pdf |archivedate=2009-10-02 |df= }} External links{{Wikispecies|Grevilleoideae}} 2 : Proteaceae|Eudicot subfamilies |
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