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词条 Grin (company)
释义

  1. History

  2. Games developed

  3. References

  4. External links

{{Infobox company
| name = Grin
| logo = GRIN (company).jpg
| type = Privately held company
| defunct = 2009
| foundation = 1997
| location_city = Stockholm
| location_country = Sweden
| key_people = Bo Andersson
Ulf Andersson
| industry = Video game industry
| products = Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter
Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter 2
Bionic Commando
Bionic Commando Rearmed
| num_employees =
| successor = Overkill Software
| website = [https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://grin.se/ grin.se]
}}

Grin was a video game developer based in Stockholm, Sweden. Founded by Bo and Ulf Andersson in 1997, Grin worked on numerous titles for the PC, consoles and arcade. The company became defunct in 2009, and its founders went on to create Overkill Software.

History

After Grin's first release Ballistics (PC, arcade), Grin released the critically acclaimed Phoenix Rising (PC) and several arcade machines, as well as military and civilian simulators. Grin went on to develop two games for Ubisoft, Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter (PC) and Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter 2 (PC). Bionic Commando Rearmed (downloadable via Xbox Live, PlayStation Network, PC), Bionic Commando (Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, PC), Weapons of Fate (Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, PC) and Terminator Salvation were the last titles, released in 2008-2009. In 2007, Grin expanded into offices on the Barcelona, Spain beach front, in the Torre Mapfre skyscraper, followed by another studio in the center of Gothenburg, Sweden, along with the Grin Jakarta QA studio, located in the center of Jakarta, Indonesia. 250 people in total were developing games for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and PC.

Grin began preproduction work on a Final Fantasy spin-off game, Fortress, in the second half of 2008 when Square Enix outsourced it to the Swedish developer.[1] The development team, based in Stockholm, began creating concept art, 3D models and a game engine, thinking of Fortress as a "game with an epic scale both in story and production values".[1] In addition to original characters and locations, concept art for the game depicted Ashe and a Judge character from Final Fantasy XII,[2][3] and chocobos and other recurring creatures of the series.[1][2] The score was also being produced.[4] However, after six months of development, Square Enix reclaimed the project without paying Grin, due to concerns over the quality of the work.[1][5] Grin co-founders Ulf and Bo Andersson claimed that "Square Enix had already made up its mind that Fortress wasn't a project it wanted anymore".[6] Square Enix's withdrawal left the Swedish developer in financial difficulty and with no other ongoing game project.[7]

In 2009, Grin closed its offices in Barcelona and Gothenburg, citing financial difficulties.[8][9] On August 12, 2009 Grin filed for bankruptcy. Later the same day, the official Grin site published the news that the company was closing down.[10][11] Grin noted that delayed payments from "too many publishers" caused "an unbearable cashflow situation" and mentioning in a farewell note their "unreleased masterpiece that [they] weren't allowed to finish".[7][12]

Former members of Grin have formed a new development studio, Might and Delight, which will focus on small, downloadable games.[13] Together with the owners of Fatshark, the former lead engineers of Grin started middleware developer Bitsquid, which was later bought by Autodesk.[14] Former quality assurance members formed a separate studio called Trinity QA Studio in June 2010.[15] Bo and Ulf Andersson went on to form Overkill Software. Bertil Höfberg, who worked on both Bionic Commando and Bionic Commando Rearmed, went on to form Höfberg Productions, a one-man studio responsible for the well-received Gunman Clive (Nintendo 3DS, iOS, Android, Steam) and its sequel Gunman Clive 2 (3DS, Steam).[16] The games will be bundled together as Gunman Clive HD Collection for Wii U.

Games developed

Release dateTitlesGenrePlatform(s)
2001BallisticsRacingMicrosoft Windows, Arcade
2003Phoenix RisingVehicular combatMicrosoft Windows
2006Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Advanced WarfighterTactical shooterMicrosoft Windows
2007Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter 2Tactical shooterMicrosoft Windows
2008Bionic Commando RearmedPlatformerMicrosoft Windows, PlayStation Network, Xbox Live Arcade
2009Weapons of FateThird-person shooterMicrosoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
2009Bionic CommandoAction, platformerMicrosoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
2009Terminator SalvationThird-person shooter, actionMicrosoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
CancelledFortress (codename)Action-adventurePlayStation 3, Xbox 360
CancelledUnnamed Strider reboot[17]Action gameUnknown
CancelledUnnamed Streets of Rage remake[17]Beat'em-upUnknown
CancelledCult (codename)Third-person shooter, actionMicrosoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
CancelledVulturesHack-and-slashXbox

References

1. ^1 {{cite web | first=Björn | last=Albihn | title=Björn Albihn - Character Artist | url=http://www.albihn.net/ | publisher= | date=September 7, 2009 | accessdate=September 22, 2009}}
2. ^1 {{cite web | first=Joakim | last=Hellstedt | title=Online Portfolio of Joakim Hellstedt | url=http://idun.free.fr/ | publisher= | date=September 9, 2009 | accessdate=September 22, 2009}}
3. ^{{cite web | first=Tony | last=Holmsten |author2=Bergquist, Martin | title=Concept Art | url=http://hem.bredband.net/visualdevelopment/conceptart3.html#conceptart3 | publisher=Visual Development | date=August 20, 2009 | accessdate=September 22, 2009}}
4. ^{{cite web|first=Erik |last=Thunberg |title=starsounds.net |url=http://www.starsounds.net/ |publisher= |date=January 18, 2010 |accessdate=February 18, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050408111028/http://www.starsounds.net/ |archivedate=April 8, 2005 |df= }}
5. ^{{cite web | first=Quillen | last=Dustin | title=GRIN Was Working on an Unannounced Final Fantasy Project | url=http://www.1up.com/do/newsStory?cId=3175684 | publisher=1UP.com | date=August 20, 2009 | accessdate=September 22, 2009}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.joystiq.com/2011/05/29/grin-founders-say-square-enix-turned-their-smiles-upside-down/ |title=GRIN founders say Square Enix turned their smiles upside down |author=Christopher Grant |publisher=Joystiq |date=May 29, 2011 |accessdate=May 30, 2011}}
7. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | first= | last= | title=GRIN's Final Fantasy spin-off still in development | url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/grins-final-fantasy-spin-off-still-in-development | publisher=GamesIndustry.biz | date=September 21, 2009 | accessdate=September 22, 2009}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=24786|title=Report: Developer GRIN Sees More Layoffs, Studio Closures|last=Remo|first=Chris |date=August 11, 2009|publisher=Gamasutra|accessdate=2009-08-13}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=23787|title=Report: Bionic Commando Developer GRIN Sees Major Layoffs|date=May 28, 2009|publisher=Gamasutra|accessdate=2009-08-13}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shacknews.com/onearticle.x/59958|title=GRIN Officially Closes, Former Devs Found New Studio|last=Breckon|first=Nick |date=August 12, 2009|publisher=Shacknews|accessdate=2009-08-13}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://kotaku.com/5335903/grin-is-officially-dead-spawns-outbreak|title=GRIN Is Officially Dead, Spawns Outbreak|last=McWhertor|first=Michael |date=August 13, 2009|publisher=Kotaku|accessdate=2009-08-13}}
12. ^{{cite web | first=Leigh | last=Alexander | title=Swedish Developer GRIN To Close Its Doors | url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=24818 | publisher=Gamasutra | date=August 12, 2009 | accessdate=September 22, 2009}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://uk.xbox360.ign.com/articles/108/1084338p1.html|title=Bionic Commando Rearmed Devs Reunite|date=April 16, 2010|publisher=IGN}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bitsquid.se/|title=Bitsquid homepage|date=June 3, 2010|publisher=BitSquid|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213101150/http://bitsquid.se/|archivedate=February 13, 2010|df=}}
15. ^{{cite web | author=Remo, Chris | date=June 29, 2010 | title=Former GRIN QA Team Reforms As Trinity QA Studio | url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/29179/Former_GRIN_QA_Team_Reforms_As_Trinity_QA_Studio.php | publisher=Gamasutra | accessdate=June 30, 2010}}
16. ^{{cite web | author=Whitehead, Thomas | date=January 29, 2013 | title=Developer Interview: Bertil Hörberg On Being a One Man eShop Developer | url=http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2013/01/developer_interview_bertil_horberg_on_being_a_one_man_eshop_developer | publisher=Nintendo Life | accessdate=March 28, 2017}}
17. ^1 Bionic Commando dev Grin worked on Strider reboot, Streets of Rage remake • News • Eurogamer.net

External links

  • {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web//http://grin.se/ |date= |title=Grin official website }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grin (Company)}}

10 : Companies based in Stockholm|Defunct companies of Sweden|Defunct video game companies|Privately held companies of Sweden|Video game companies established in 1997|Video game companies disestablished in 2009|Video game companies of Sweden|Video game development companies|Swedish companies established in 1997|2009 disestablishments in Sweden
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