| 词条 | Gulf Coast toad |
| 释义 |
| name = Gulf Coast toad | image = Bufo_valliceps_(2016).jpg | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | taxon = Incilius valliceps | authority = (Wiegmann, 1833) | synonyms = Bufo trachypus Wiegmann, 1833 Bufo valliceps Wiegmann, 1833[2] Cranopsis valliceps (Wiegmann, 1833) Ollotis valliceps (Wiegmann, 1833) | range_map = Bufo vacilleps distribution.svg | range_map_caption = }} The Gulf Coast toad (Incilius valliceps) is a species of toad native to eastern and southeastern Mexico and Central America as far south as Costa Rica.[3][4] DescriptionThe Gulf Coast toad is a medium-sized toad species, ranging from {{convert|2|to|4|in|cm|abbr=on|disp=flip}} in length.[5] Their back varies in color from nearly black, to shades of brown and grey with a distinctive white or yellowish colored stripe down the center, and sometimes lighter colored patches on the sides. Their underside is yellow or cream colored. Their back is covered in small tubercles, while their underside is normally devoid of them. I. valliceps has the most extensive ridging of any toad in its geographic range. The ridges extend from the nose, to the back of the head, and with a branch that wraps around the back side of the eye. HabitatThe Gulf Coast toad is found in a wide range of habitats, including open grassland, semi-arid regions, light forest, and even suburban backyards. They are typically found not far from a permanent water source, which they use for breeding in the spring, but they are capable of travelling long distances while foraging for food. DietLike most toads, the Gulf Coast toad is an opportunistic carnivore. It will eat almost any small arthropod it is able to overpower and swallow. References{{Commons category|Incilius valliceps}}{{Wikispecies|Incilius valliceps}}1. ^{{Cite journal | author = Santos-Barrera, G. | author2 = Wilson, L. D. | author3 = Savage, J. | author4 = Bolaños, F. | author5 = Acevedo, M. | title = Incilius valliceps | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2010 | page = e.T54789A11191593 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2010 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/54789/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T54789A11191593.en | access-date = 6 January 2018}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q2709655}}2. ^{{ITIS |id=773594 |taxon=Bufo valliceps |accessdate=22 October 2009}} 3. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUttwDQl83sC |title=A Field Guide to Reptiles & Amphibians: Eastern and Central North America |first=Roger |last=Conant |author2=Joseph T. Collins |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |year=1998 |edition=3rd |isbn=978-0-395-90452-7 |pages=521–522}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Incilius/Incilius-valliceps |title=Incilius valliceps (Wiegmann, 1833) |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2015 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=9 December 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.herpsoftexas.org/content/gulf-coast-toad |title=Bufo valliceps Gulf Coast Toad |work=Herps of Texas |publisher=University of Texas at Austin |accessdate=2015-08-21}} 11 : Toads|Incilius|Amphibians of Belize|Amphibians of Costa Rica|Amphibians of El Salvador|Amphibians of Guatemala|Amphibians of Honduras|Amphibians of Mexico|Amphibians of Nicaragua|Amphibians described in 1833|Taxa named by Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann |
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