“Gynacantha”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The females have two prominent spines under the last abdominal segment.^[3] This gives the genus name (from Greek female and thorn) and the common name two-spined darners; they are also known as duskhawkers.

Species

The genus Gynacantha includes the following species:^[4]

Gynacantha adela {{small|Martin, 1909}}

Gynacantha africana {{small|(Palisot de Beauvois, 1805)}} - Giant Duskhawker

Gynacantha albistyla {{small|Fraser, 1927}}

Gynacantha alcathoe {{small|Lieftinck, 1961}}

Gynacantha apiaensis {{small|Fraser, 1927}}

Gynacantha apicalis {{small|Fraser, 1924}}

Gynacantha arnaudi {{small|Asahina, 1984}}

Gynacantha arsinoe {{small|Lieftinck, 1948}}

Gynacantha arthuri {{small|Lieftinck, 1953}}

Gynacantha auricularis {{small|Martin, 1909}}

Gynacantha bainbriggei {{small|Fraser, 1922}}

Gynacantha bartai {{small|Paulson & von Ellenrieder, 2005}}

Gynacantha basiguttata {{small|Selys, 1882}}

Gynacantha bayadera {{small|Selys, 1891 ({{=}} G. furcata?)}}

Gynacantha bifida {{small|Rambur, 1842}}

Gynacantha biharica {{small|Fraser, 1927}}

Gynacantha bispina {{small|Rambur, 1842}}

Gynacantha bullata {{small|Karsch, 1891}} - Black-kneed Duskhawker

Gynacantha burmana {{small|Lieftinck, 1960}}

Gynacantha calliope {{small|Lieftinck, 1953}}

Gynacantha calypso {{small|Ris, 1915}}

Gynacantha caudata {{small|Karsch, 1891}}

Gynacantha chelifera {{small|McLachlan, 1895}}

Gynacantha comorensis {{small|Couteyen & Papazian, 2009}}

Gynacantha constricta {{small|Hämäläinen, 1991}}

Gynacantha convergens {{small|Förster, 1908}}

Gynacantha corbeti {{small|Lempert, 1999}}

Gynacantha croceipennis {{small|Martin, 1897}}

Gynacantha cylindrata {{small|Karsch, 1891}} - Greater girdled Duskhawker

Gynacantha demeter {{small|Ris, 1911}}

Gynacantha dobsoni {{small|Fraser, 1951}} – lesser duskhawker^[5]

Gynacantha dohrni {{small|Krüger, 1899}}

Gynacantha dravida {{small|Lieftinck, 1960}}

Gynacantha ereagris {{small|Gundlach, 1888}}

Gynacantha francesca {{small|(Martin, 1909)}}

Gynacantha furcata {{small|Rambur, 1842}}

Gynacantha gracilis {{small|(Burmeister, 1839)}}

Gynacantha helenga {{small|Williamson & Williamson, 1930}}

Gynacantha hova {{small|Fraser, 1956}}

Gynacantha hyalina {{small|Selys, 1882}}

Gynacantha immaculifrons {{small|Fraser, 1956}} - Pale Duskhawker

Gynacantha incisura {{small|Fraser, 1935}}

Gynacantha interioris {{small|Williamson, 1923}}

Gynacantha japonica {{small|Bartenev, 1909}}

Gynacantha jessei {{small|Williamson, 1923}}

Gynacantha khasiaca {{small|McLachlan, 1896}}

Gynacantha kirbyi {{small|Krüger, 1898}} – slender duskhawker^[5]

Gynacantha klagesi {{small|Williamson, 1923}}

Gynacantha laticeps {{small|Williamson, 1923}}

Gynacantha limbalis {{small|Karsch, 1892}}

Gynacantha litoralis {{small|Williamson, 1923}}

Gynacantha maclachlani {{small|Förster, 1899}}

Gynacantha malgassica {{small|Fraser, 1962}}

Gynacantha manderica {{small|Grünberg, 1902}} – little duskhawker^[6]

Gynacantha membranalis {{small|Karsch, 1891}}

Gynacantha mexicana {{small|Selys, 1868}} – bar-sided darner^[3]^[7]

Gynacantha mocsaryi {{small|Förster, 1898}} – paddle-tipped duskhawker^[5]

Gynacantha musa {{small|Karsch, 1892}}

Gynacantha nausicaa {{small|Ris, 1915}}

Gynacantha nervosa {{small|Rambur, 1842}} – twilight darner^[8]

Gynacantha nigeriensis {{small|(Gambles, 1956)}} – yellow-legged duskhawker^[7]^[9]

Gynacantha nourlangie {{small|Theischinger & Watson, 1991}} – cave duskhawker^[5]

Gynacantha odoneli {{small|Fraser, 1922}}

Gynacantha pasiphae {{small|Lieftinck, 1948}}

Gynacantha penelope {{small|Ris, 1915}}

Gynacantha phaeomeria {{small|Lieftinck, 1960}}

Gynacantha radama {{small|Fraser, 1956}}

Gynacantha rammohani {{small|Mitra & Lahiri, 1975}}

Gynacantha remartinia {{small|Navás, 1934}}

Gynacantha risi {{small|Laidlaw, 1931}}

Gynacantha rolandmuelleri {{small|Hämäläinen, 1991}}

Gynacantha rosenbergi {{small|Kaup in Brauer, 1867}} – grey duskhawker^[5]

Gynacantha rotundata {{small|Navás, 1930}}

Gynacantha ryukyuensis {{small|Asahina, 1962}}

Gynacantha saltatrix {{small|Martin, 1909}}

Gynacantha sextans {{small|McLachlan, 1896}} - Dark-rayed Duskhawker

Gynacantha stenoptera {{small|Lieftinck, 1934}}

Gynacantha stevensoni {{small|Fraser, 1927}}

Gynacantha stylata {{small|Martin, 1896}}

Gynacantha subinterrupta {{small|Rambur, 1842}}

Gynacantha tenuis {{small|Martin, 1909}}

Gynacantha tibiata {{small|Karsch, 1891}}

Gynacantha usambarica {{small|Sjöstedt, 1909}} – Usambara duskhawker^[10]

Gynacantha vesiculata {{small|Karsch, 1891}}

Gynacantha villosa {{small|Grünberg, 1902}} – hairy duskhawker^[11]

References

1. ^{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/histoirenaturel53buffgoog|title=Histoire naturelle des insectes. Névroptères|last=Rambur|first=Jules|publisher=Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret|year=1842|isbn=|location=Paris|pages=534 [209]|via=Internet Archive}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Gynacantha|title=Genus Gynacantha Rambur, 1842|last=|first=|date=2012|website=Australian Faunal Directory|publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study|access-date=20 March 2017}}
3. ^¹{{cite book|last=Paulson|first=Dennis R.|title=Dragonflies and Damselflies of the West|year=2009|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=0-691-12281-4}}
4. ^{{World Odonata List}}
5. ^¹²³⁴{{cite book|title=The Complete Field Guide to Dragonflies of Australia|year=2006|publisher=CSIRO Publishing|isbn=0-643-09073-8|author1=Theischinger, G. |author2=Hawking, J. }}
6. ^{{IUCN2010.3|title=Gynacantha manderica|assessor=Clausnitzer, V.|assessor2=Suhling, F.|assessor3=Dijkstra, K.-D.B.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2009|id=59876|downloaded=13 December 2010}}
7. ^¹{{cite web|title=North American Odonata|url=http://www.pugetsound.edu/academics/academic-resources/slater-museum/biodiversity-resources/dragonflies/north-american-odonata/|publisher=University of Puget Sound|accessdate=5 August 2010|year=2009}}
8. ^{{IUCN2010.3|title=Gynacantha nervosa|assessor=Paulson, D. R.|year=2007|id=165050|downloaded=13 December 2010}}
9. ^{{IUCN2010.3|title=Gynacantha nigeriensis|assessor=Clausnitzer, V.|assessor2=Suhling, F.|assessor3=Dijkstra, K.-D.B.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2009|id=59877|downloaded=13 December 2010}}
10. ^{{Cite journal|author=Clausnitzer, V.|author2=Suhling, F.|last-author-amp=yes|title=Gynacantha usambarica|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|volume=2010|page=e.T59879A12114020|publisher=IUCN|date=2010|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/59879/0|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T59879A12114020.en|access-date=24 December 2017}}
11. ^{{IUCN2010.3|title=Gynacantha villosa|assessor=Clausnitzer, V.|assessor2=Suhling, F.|assessor3=Dijkstra, K.-D.B.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2009|id=59881|downloaded=13 December 2010}}